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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 8:10 pm
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Results for disorderly conduct
77 results foundAuthor: Victoria (Australia). Parliament. Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee Title: Inquiry Into Strategies to Reduce Assaults in Public Places in Victoria Summary: This report attempts to address some of the issues surrounding the increase in assaults in public places over the last few years. It provides a comprehensive survey of the current situation - particularly between the level of crime and the reporting of crime- and provides some evidence of comdmunity an government activities in this area. It proposes a series of recommendations to further address the problem. Details: Melbourne: Government Printer for State of Victoria, 2010. 340p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 15, 2010 at: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/dcpc/assaults/Final_assault_report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Australia URL: http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/dcpc/assaults/Final_assault_report.pdf Shelf Number: 119987 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Queensland. Crime and Misconduct Commission Title: Police Move-On Powers: A CMC Review of their Use Summary: Move-on powers enable police to issue a direction to individuals or groups to move on or leave a public place. Move-on powers are intended to give police powers to respond to antisocial behaviour and thus facilitate improved perceptions of community safety. The powers are also seen as having the potential to divert people away from the criminal justice system. Queensland Police Service (QPS) officers have had the power to issue a move-on direction since 1997. Before 2006, the use of these powers was restricted to certain geographical locations. Over time, there has been an incremental expansion of the areas in which police can apply the laws. On 1 June 2006, new laws were introduced to expand the use of move-on powers to all public places in Queensland. These new laws also required the CMC to review the use of move-on powers as soon as practicable after 31 December 2007. The statewide expansion of the move-on powers occurred at a time when public attention was focused on antisocial behaviour and the mechanisms available to police to effectively prevent and respond to such behaviour. Significantly, the then Minister for Police and Corrective Services, the Hon. J Spence, established the Safe Youth Parties Taskforce (SYPT) in response to incidents of youth parties being gate-crashed and associated youth violence. This taskforce recommended the geographical expansion of the move-on laws (SYPT 2006). The debate surrounding the expansion of the powers centred on a number of issues, most of which stem from the discretionary nature of the law and the way in which police can apply it. In the large part, move-on powers are not complaint driven but rather are used by police in the routine activities associated with the policing of public spaces. When faced with a situation involving a person’s behaviour or presence in a public place, police officers will use their discretion to determine which response is most appropriate in the circumstance. Such responses can range from doing nothing, to unofficially encouraging the individual or group to relocate, to officially directing them to move on, and to using another power to arrest. Concerns were expressed that move-on powers would be misused by police officers. In particular, it was feared that those people living and regularly moving within public spaces, such as young people, homeless people and Indigenous people, would be disproportionately affected by the move-on law and would be displaced to another public space or drawn into the criminal justice system. It was also claimed that the law would enable the police to carry out ‘back-door’ regulation of public spaces, allowing them to remove people who were seen as ‘undesirable’. Views that personal biases, prejudices and stereotyping may influence a police officer’s decision-making processes were also raised. These concerns guided our review and focused our research efforts on the following key questions: How are police using move-on powers? 2. What role do move-on powers play in policing public order? 3. What is guiding or influencing the use of move-on powers? Details: Brisbane: Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission, 2011. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 15, 2011 at: http://www.cmc.qld.gov.au/data/portal/00000005/content/80468001292819166771.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.cmc.qld.gov.au/data/portal/00000005/content/80468001292819166771.pdf Shelf Number: 121008 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (Australia)Disorderly ConductPolicingPublic PlacesPublic Space |
Author: Taylor, Monica: Walsh, Tamara, eds. Title: Nowhere to Go: The Impact of Police Move-On Powers on Homeless People in Queensland Summary: The project researched the use and effect of police move-on powers on homeless people in Brisbane. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the law and policies surrounding move-on powers in Queensland. Chapter 2 explores the historical and current policy concerns surrounding the use and effect of move-on powers. Chapter 3 provides a comparative analysis of approaches to move-on powers in other jurisdictions in Australia. Chapter 4 analyses the use and effect of police move-on powers on homeless people from a human rights perspective. Chapter 5 documents the empirical research findings. Chapters 6 and 7 analyse the impact of police-move on powers on two specific vulnerable groups; young people and Indigenous people, and Chapter 8 summarises the report’s recommendations. Details: Brisbane: T.C. Beirne School of Law, University of Queensland and Queensland Public Interest Law Clearing House Homeless Persons' Legal Clinic, 2006. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 7, 2011 at: http://www.qpilch.org.au/_dbase_upl/Nowhere%20To%20Go.pdf Year: 2006 Country: Australia URL: http://www.qpilch.org.au/_dbase_upl/Nowhere%20To%20Go.pdf Shelf Number: 121263 Keywords: Disorderly ConductHomeless PersonsHomelessness (Australia)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Dwyer, Robyn Title: People who Drink in Public Space in the Footscray CBD Summary: Public drinking produces significant harms to the drinker and can negatively affect public amenity. In response to concern about public drinking in the Footscray Central Business District, in 2003 Maribyrnong City Council enacted a Local law creating an alcohol exclusion zone around the Footscray CBD. Information from drinkers was collected by DASWest in March 2004 about the zone’s likely effects and impact on public drinkers. The aim of the current research was to update the information collected in 2004. To this end information from identified public drinkers in the Footscray CBD was collected within the following domains: · Age, gender, employment and related demographics; · people’s lives - how they live, work, play and interact with one another on a day-today basis and culture; · their community (its cohesion, stability, character, services and facilities); · reasons for using public space; · the extent of the problem of being affected by alcohol and/or other drugs in public places; · links between public drinking / drug use and violence in the Footscray Business Centre and its immediate surrounds, and · ways of better supporting and engaging with individuals engaged in substance misuse and demonstrating problematic behaviour in public places. We observed public drinking in and around the Footscray CBD during the course of the research. While some of this drinking occurred within the exclusion zone, it was generally done discreetly. During the observation phase of the research we identified (and subsequently recruited) drinkers from three main social sets - drinkers who: · drank in Nicholson Street between Paisley and Irving Streets; · primarily drank in Railway Reserve; and · primarily used heroin but also consumed alcohol as they moved around the Footscray CBD. Across the three groups the majority of the sample was male, born in Australia, and self-identified as having Australian ethnicity. Most came from Footscray or its immediate surrounds and had been coming to Footscray for some years. Most of the sample reported coming to Footscray on a daily or near-daily basis. Some of the reasons given by the sample for visiting Footscray included: · social interaction to alleviate boredom and prevent loneliness; · the use of local social services (e.g. Centrelink) and businesses (e.g. cafes); · the use of local health services; · obtaining medications and management of chronic conditions; and · the purchase, or brokering of the purchase, of illicit drugs. The prominence of alcohol and drinking varied across the three social sets interviewed. While alcohol was central to the drinkers from Railway Reserve, with harmful drinking patterns reported, alcohol was an adjunct to the main activities of the other two groups. Similarly, while all groups experienced alcohol-caused harms, these were most frequently reported by the drinkers around Railway Reserve. Reported alcohol-caused violence was typically intragroup - generally oriented towards other members of each drinking group. In spite of reports of sporadic violence, the groups served significant social functions with reports of important shared experiences, trust and reciprocity evident amongst the primary drinkers. Nevertheless, these social connections were confined largely to the public sphere, with structural and personal reasons precluding invitations to one another’s homes or residences. Other public drinking settings such as hotels were generally avoided for a variety of reasons including cost, poor treatment by bar staff as well as the effect of the new smoking bans and preferences for outdoor settings. Most participants were aware of the alcohol exclusion zone, with around two-thirds reporting interactions with police about drinking in the exclusion zone - slightly less than the proportion found in previous research. Reported enforcement responses ranged from moving people on through to the issuing of fines. The effects of these fines, which may accumulate to significant amounts of money over time, on the lives of already - poor and marginalised people need to be considered in relation to the enforcement of the alcohol exclusion zone. The need for additional health and social services, or marketing of available services to the locations in which their drinking took place, was expressed by the drinkers around Railway Reserve. Further, both the observational component of the research and reports from drinkers suggested that the amenity in Railway Reserve could easily be improved through the: 1. installation of public toilets; 2. installation of public drinking fountains; and 3. maintenance of garbage disposal facilities. In general, the findings of this research are consistent with reports of local crime statistics in the year prior to the conduct of the research, which suggested falling rates of crime in Maribyrnong overall. Importantly, no incidents of violence or aggressive behaviours were seen or noted during the conduct of the research. Nevertheless, as indicated above, we have identified several ways of improving the response to public drinking in Maribyrnong. Details: Melbourne: Burnet Institute, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research, 2007. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 5, 2011 at: http://www.maribyrnong.vic.gov.au/Files/BurnetInstituteReport-DrinkinginPublicSpaces.pdf Year: 2007 Country: Australia URL: http://www.maribyrnong.vic.gov.au/Files/BurnetInstituteReport-DrinkinginPublicSpaces.pdf Shelf Number: 121652 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisorderPublic SpaceSubstance Abuse |
Author: Sweeney, Josh Title: Alcohol and Disorderly Conduct on Friday and Saturday Nights: Findings from the DUMA Program Summary: The Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) interviewed 161 offenders detained for disorderly conduct offences on Friday and Saturday nights as part of the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program. Analysis of new questions about alcohol use provides valuable information to support a range of alcohol harm reduction strategies, including Operation Unite. • Those charged with disorder on Friday and Saturday nights were more likely than those charged at other times to have consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours and attributed alcohol as a factor for their offending. • Detainees who had consumed alcohol in the past 48 hours and were charged with disorder on a Friday and Saturday evening were nearly twice as likely as those charged at other times to have been mixing drinks on the last occasion they drank (37% versus 27%). This was particularly the case for young males aged 26 to 35 years (44%). • Disorder offenders consumed substantial amounts of alcohol in the lead up to their arrest. The median number of standard drinks consumed was 15, although this was higher for males aged 26 to 35 years who had been mixing drinks on the last occasion they drank (29 standard drinks). • Of those who had been drinking alcohol, 40 percent of all disorder offenders consumed their last drink at a licensed premise. Thirty-nine percent had been drinking at a private residential location. Younger males aged 18–25 years were more likely to have been drinking at a licensed premise. • Disorder offenders charged on a Friday and Saturday night were more likely than those assault offenders charged in the same time period to have consumed their last alcoholic drink at a licensed premise. Details: Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011. 7p. Source: Internet Resource: Research in Practice, No. 15: Accessed June 27, 2011 at: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/F/6/6/%7BF6652BFD-09C0-4FB5-BC9B-01D2A65EEBBF%7Drip15_001.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/documents/F/6/6/%7BF6652BFD-09C0-4FB5-BC9B-01D2A65EEBBF%7Drip15_001.pdf Shelf Number: 121827 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Tarnai, John Title: Evaluation of the Tacoma, Washington, Alcohol Impact Area (AIA) Summary: The Washington State University Social and Economic Sciences Research Center conducted a study of the Alcohol Impact Area (AIA) policy in effect in the city of Tacoma, Washington. Different scientific approaches were used to determine if there have been any changes in the problem of chronic public inebriation as a result of the restrictions on alcohol sales imposed by the Washington State Liquor Control Board (WSLCB). The study results suggest that the AIA restrictions in effect over the past year have been effective at addressing the problem of chronic public inebriation. Although it is not possible to conclude that all the changes found are due solely to the AIA policy itself; it is probable that that the AIA restrictions on alcohol sales are one aspect of an entire community wide effort to deal with chronic public inebriation. The AIA rules, Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 314-14-210 through WAC 314-12- 225, establish a framework under which the WSLCB, in partnership with local government and community organizations, can act to mitigate the negative impacts on a community that result from the presence of chronic public inebriation. Under these rules, chronic public inebriation exists when the effects of the public consumption of alcohol and/or public intoxication occur in concentrations that endanger the welfare, health, peace, or safety of a community. In December 2001, the WSLCB designated as an Alcohol Impact Area the urban core of the city of Tacoma, approximately six square miles. As a result of the AIA designation, the WSLCB banned the sale of some 30 brands of high-alcohol content, low price beer and wine products by liquor retailers located inside the AIA. This restriction has been in effect since March 1, 2002. Study Scope AIA rules provide that one year after the WSLCB recognizes the first AIA, a study of the effectiveness of the AIA rules would be conducted. The study’s scope and methods were primarily intended to: § Determine whether there have been any significant changes in the negative impacts of chronic public inebriation in the designated alcohol impact area. § Gather information and data on retailers’ marketing practices and buying habits of chronic public inebriates that will help the community and the WSLCB evaluate which restrictions might be effective in addressing the problem of chronic public inebriation. The study used two basic research designs commonly used to evaluate social programs. Consistent with good practice in evaluation research, the evaluation used multiple methods to obtain information relevant to the assessment of the effectiveness of the AIA restrictions. Details: Pullman, WA: Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University, 2003. 57p., app. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 1, 2011 at: http://www.sesrc.wsu.edu/sesrcsite/Papers/files/WAIA-report-6-17-03.pdf Year: 2003 Country: United States URL: http://www.sesrc.wsu.edu/sesrcsite/Papers/files/WAIA-report-6-17-03.pdf Shelf Number: 121939 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderChronic InebriatesDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorder |
Author: Great Britain. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Title: Policing Public Order: An overview and review of progress against the recommendations of Adapting to Protest and Nurturing the British Model of Policing Summary: After a period of relative quiet in public order terms, we have seen increasing protest activity in size, frequency and spread across the United Kingdom. During 2009, and following the G20 protests that April, causes such as animal rights and climate change have continued to feature regularly in the national public order calendar. In the latter part of 2009, the Defence League protests1 and the United Against Fascism (UAF) counter protests gathered momentum – a momentum that has continued throughout 2010 and into 2011. The most recent dimension to public order policing has included the UK Uncut protests directed through Twitter2 and the protests over tuition fees; in particular, the student protests in London during November and December 2010. The schedule on page 12 is just a sample of the events taking place – evidences the change in reach and tempo. Following the student protests in London on 10 November 2010, where greater numbers gathered than had been anticipated by police, and the incursion of the Conservative Party headquarters in Millbank, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson stated that ‘the game has changed’3. The character of protest is evolving in terms of: the numbers involved; spread across the country; associated sporadic violence; disruption caused; short notice or no-notice events, and swift changes in protest tactics. After a few, relatively quiet years, this is a new period of public order policing – one which is faster moving and more unpredictable. Foreseeing the character of events will prove more difficult and, in some cases, their nature and mood will only become apparent on the day. What seems evident is a willingness to disrupt the public and test police. Police tactics have to be as adaptable as possible to the circumstances to keep the peace for all of us. The fine judgement required to strike the right balance between competing rights and needs is getting harder. HMIC’s approach has been to review the progress made in public order policing since the publication of Adapting to Protest in July 2009, and to raise further questions in relation to the need to adapt (which we will re-visit in the course of 2011). Such questions arise from the present flux in public order demands. The issues need to be aired openly, and reflected upon carefully, as they test some of the fundamentals of policing, not least the British practice of policing protest amongst the people - ‘toe to toe’. Details: London: HMIC, 2011. 45p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 14, 2011 at: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/PPR/PPR_20110209.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/PPR/PPR_20110209.pdf Shelf Number: 122052 Keywords: DemonstrationsDisorderly ConductPolicingProtest Movements (U.K.)Public Order Policing |
Author: Griesbach, Dawn Title: Managing the Needs of Drunk and Incapable People in Scotland: A Literature Review and Needs Assessment Summary: The purpose of this research was to carry out a needs assessment, to identify what need there is in Scotland for services for people who become drunk and incapable in public. This involved not only estimating the size and nature of the problem, but also looking in detail at how the needs of this population are currently being addressed, both in Scotland and elsewhere, and how those needs may be addressed most effectively. The term “drunk and incapable” is used to refer to persons who are intoxicated to such a level that it is impossible for them to look after themselves. Thus, these individuals are vulnerable and at risk of harm to themselves and / or at risk of harming others. This research is intended to help to inform the planning and provision of services at a local level across Scotland, to ensure the safety of this vulnerable group, while at the same time reducing any unnecessary burden on emergency services. The study made use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Secondary data from the police and NHS was analysed to identify the size and nature of the problem facing emergency services in Scotland. A literature review was carried out to explore how the needs of this population are met in other parts of the world, and to identify good practice in providing services. Interviews were also undertaken with stakeholders and service providers in Scotland, and a survey was carried out of all Alcohol and Drug Action Teams (ADATs), to identify any existing services and the need for services in Scotland. Finally, focus groups were undertaken with service users to obtain their perspectives on the need for services. Details: Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research, 2009. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 15, 2011 at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/289905/0088834.pdf Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/289905/0088834.pdf Shelf Number: 122064 Keywords: Disorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly (Scotland)InebriatesNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Forsyth, Alasdair J. Title: An Investigation into the Environmental Impact of Off-license Premises on Residential Neighbourhoods Summary: In recent times there has been a great deal of concern about levels of anti-social behaviour across the UK (Home Office, 2005; House of Commons, 2005; Scottish Parliament, 2003). Several reports have investigated the role of alcohol as a potentially important contributor to this problem (Babb, 2007; Engineer et al, 2003; Finney, 2004; Home Office, 2001; Matthews et al, 2006; Richardson & Budd, 2003; Travis, 2004). These fears have led to a raft of legislative reaction, from both national governments and local authorities, which has included measures such as the banning of irresponsible promotions (e.g. ‘happy hours’) and the introduction of alcohol / anti-social behaviour dispersal / disorder ‘zones’ (e.g. see Academy of Medical Sciences, 2004; Hetherington, 2004; ‘Nicholson Committee Report’, 2004; Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit, 2004). However, to date these policies have tended to be focused more towards alcohol-related disorder associated with on-trade licensed premises (i.e. public houses and nightclubs), particularly those located in city centre night-time economies, rather than towards the off-trade sector or residential neighbourhoods. Consequently it has recently been identified that there has also been a paucity of research into these latter issues (e.g. Human Factors Analysts Limited, 2007; Jayne et al, 2006). This oversight seems odd given that the off-trade sector is indicated as the source of the current rise in alcohol consumption across the UK over the past 20 years. For example, statistics released by the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs revealed that compared with 2002-2003, the period up to 31st of March 2004 saw a 5.5% decrease in on-trade purchases of alcohol compared with a 9.0% increase in purchases for home consumption (DEFRA, 2005a). Similarly, according to the Scottish Beer and Pub Association (SBPA, 2005), since 1980 there are 14% more licensed public houses compared with 25% more off-licences, this set against a background where progressively more pub income is being generated from food provision and where progressively larger off-trade premises (major supermarkets) are selling alcohol alongside ‘basic’ provisions rather than small ‘traditional’ designated off-licenses. Additionally, whereas it is true that alcohol in general has become steadily more affordable over the past two decades, this masks great differences between the off-trade and on-trade sectors, with for example off-trade beer prices actually falling since the millennium, such that by 2005 the off-trade price of beer was under 1.5 times that of the late 1980s, compared to nearly 2.5 times for on-trade beer (Godfrey, 2007). The view that off-licenses are a major cause of (alcohol-related) anti-social behaviour is not only unfashionable but controversial. There are number of ways in which off-trade outlets (i.e. off-licences) may be thought to have the potential to be a greater cause of alcohol-related harm in the community than on-trade outlets (i.e. pubs or clubs) including: • Off-trade prices tend to be cheaper (BBPA, 2007;Godfrey, 2005) and have to date largely escaped policy initiatives aimed at curbing irresponsible promotions such as deep price discounting (‘Daniels Report’, 2004), which may encourage immodest consumption (e.g. Kuo et al, 2003). This is unfortunate, as off-trade sales are known to be more price responsive, since a portion of on-trade sales are deemed to be spent towards the social setting (e.g. BBPA, 2007; Prime Ministers Strategy Unit, 2004). • The alcohol products sold by some off-licenses are those which have been identified as encouraging immodest consumption, such as super-lagers, white ciders, tonic wine and other fortified beverages (e.g. Brain & Parker, 1997; ‘Daniels Report’, 2004; Forsyth et al, 1997; Galloway et al, 2006; Hughes et al, 1997). • Despite surveys indicating that off-trade outlets, rather than on-trade premises, are the main source of alcohol consumed by younger under-age drinkers, either directly or indirectly via third party (agent) purchase (e.g. Boreham & McManus, 2003; Bradshaw, 2003; Corbett et al, 2005; Forsyth & Barnard, 2000; Maxwell et al, 2007; Toomey et al, 2004; Willner et al, 2000), concerns have been raised that little has been done to tackle this, with for example only 905 prosecutions of off-sales premises for licensing offences, in Scotland during 2001, resulting in only 100 convictions (‘Daniels Report’, 2004) and only three under-age drinkers being prosecuted in the Lothian (Edinburgh) region during 2004 (Stow, 2005). • Off-trade purchases can involve a very large amount of alcohol being purchased with no control over who actually drinks it or the consequences of this consumption (e.g. see Galloway et al, 2006; Human Factors Analysts Limited, 2007). By way of contrast, on-trade purchases involve measured doses with consumption being continually monitored by serving staff (e.g. see Forsyth et al, 2005; Forsyth, 2006; Graham et al, 2005). In short, on-trade consumption is supervised by those with a vested interest in ensuring that it is consumed sensibly, off-trade consumption is not (the same principle applies to the supply of methadone to illegal drug consumers at pharmacies, e.g. see Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 2007). • In the extreme, there is some evidence serious crimes of violence are more likely to be associated with off-trade alcohol consumption in residential areas than with the much more high profile alleged ‘binge drinking’ problems associated with city centre pubs and clubs (Norstrom, 1998; Scribner et al, 1999). For example, during 2002 in the Strathclyde Police area, which includes Glasgow, the city with the highest homicide rate in Western Europe, there were 81 murders, none of which occurred within the city centre, despite 44% of these accused being described as drunk at the time of the killing (Lawson, 2003; Scottish Executive, 2003). This research will address these issues by focusing upon licensed convenience stores (grocers / newsagents) operating in residential areas. Unlike on-trade premises, these outlets (community off-sales) often provide a broad range of services for the wider community, not just drinkers or the over-18s. Unlike city centre weekend binge drinking, the impact of such premises on residents is likely to be continuous and long-lasting, affecting the whole community. For many residents, including children, these premises and their alcohol purchasing clientele offer their only exposure to the consequences of (anti-social) drinking. Details: Glasgow: Scottish Centre for Crime & Justice Research and Glasgow Centre for the Study of Violence, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2007. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 26, 2011 at: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0041.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.aerc.org.uk/documents/pdfs/finalReports/AERC_FinalReport_0041.pdf Shelf Number: 122558 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, Disorder (Scotland)Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Krahnstoever, Nils Title: Automated Detection and Prevention of Disorderly and Criminal Activities Summary: This document is the final report for the NIJ research program “Automated Detection and Prevention of Disorderly and Criminal Activities”. The goal of this program is to develop methods for automatically detecting and preventing criminal and disorderly activities using an intelligent video system. A particular emphasis of this program is to develop methods that can operate in crowded environments such as prisons, public parks and schools where a large number of people can be present and interact with each other. In addition, the developed technology is going beyond simple motion-based behavior features toward estimating meaningful social relationships between people and groups and use of this information for semantically high-level behavior and scenario recognition. Some of the accomplishments of this program are: (i) a collection of crowd parameter estimation algorithms was developed that allows the system to estimate information such as crowd and group size, crowd density, and group velocity from video; (ii) motion pattern analysis algorithms were developed for detecting low-level group and crowd events such as GROUP FOLLOWING, GROUP CHASING, FAST GROUP MOVEMENTS, and GROUP FORMATION and GROUP DISPERSION; (iii) higher-level behavior recognition algorithms have been developed for detecting and predicting events such as FIGHTING and AGITATION; (iv) an algorithm for automatically controlling a network of PTZ cameras has been developed that enables face detection and face recognition of non-cooperative individuals from a distance; (v) a novel framework for estimating social network structures of groups from video has been developed that enables the system to determine the number of social groups and the leadership structure in small communities automatically; (vi) the system was tested live during the 2009 Mock Prison Riot sponsored by the NIJ as well as evaluated against a large amount of highly-relevant video data that was collected during the same event. The deployed system was demonstrated to law enforcement and correctional staff and received high praise for it’s performance and innovation. Overall this program has led to the development of a wide range of intelligent video capabilities that are highly relevant to law enforcement and corrections. The developed technology can help law enforcement detect many different types of activities and alert operators in many cases about the onset of an event – enabling early detection and possibly prevention of critical events. The system will also allow law enforcement gain insight into the ways that people behave and interact as well as into the social structure behind their interactions. Knowledge about social relationships enables the prediction and detection of challenging group events, such as gang activity and in the future the presence or formation of open-air drug markets. Details: Niskayuna, NY: GE Global Research, 2011. 128p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 3, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/235579.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/235579.pdf Shelf Number: 122641 Keywords: Crowd ControlDisorderly ConductPublic PlacesVideo Surveillance |
Author: Flight, Sander Title: Cameratoezicht bekeken: Evaluatie cameratoezicht Amsterdamse Wallen en Nieuwendijk (2008 - 2010) (In Dutch) Summary: Camera surveillance was initiated in 2 areas in Amsterdam as off 2004. The reason for this was the widespread drug-related nuisance and the increasing burden of partying public. The areas under surveillance are popular within the city, which means that safety is of top priority to attract foreigners, entrepreneurs and residents. The goal of installing the cameras in these neighbourhoods was to prevent crime, to increase objective and subjective safety, to detect crime and to improve emergency aid within the areas. Details: Amsterdam: DSP-groep, 2011. 71p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2011 at: http://www.eukn.org/E_library/Security_Crime_Prevention/Crime_Prevention/Camera_Surveillance/Camera_surveillance_in_Amsterdam_does_it_work Year: 2011 Country: Netherlands URL: http://www.eukn.org/E_library/Security_Crime_Prevention/Crime_Prevention/Camera_Surveillance/Camera_surveillance_in_Amsterdam_does_it_work Shelf Number: 123009 Keywords: CCTVDisorderly ConductNuisance Related Behaviors and DisordersSituational Crime Prevention (Amsterdam)Video Surveillance |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: An Overview of Recorded Crimes and Arrests Resulting from Disorder Events in August 2011 Summary: This report presents an analytical overview of the disorder that occurred in parts of England in August 2011. It reports on 5,175 recorded crimes and 4,105 arrests across 19 police forces that were affected by the disorder. The analysis covers where and when the disorder took place; the types of crimes recorded by the police; and the characteristics of suspects arrested by the police. The statistics are based on police recorded crime and arrestee data and present a snapshot of the picture as at early September 2011. The report also summarises statistics released separately by the Ministry of Justice on the characteristics of suspects going before the courts. Details: London: Home Office, 2011. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 24, 2011 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/overview-disorder-aug2011/ Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/overview-disorder-aug2011/ Shelf Number: 123120 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionDisorderly ConductDisorderly Conduct (U.K.)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Morrell, Gareth Title: The August Riots in England Understanding the Involvement of Young People Summary: In early August 2011, there were outbreaks of significant crime and disorder in some of England’s major cities. The riots and disturbances began in Tottenham in North London on Saturday 6 August following a peaceful protest in response to the police handling of the shooting of Mark Duggan. An apparent incident between a young girl and police sparked clashes which escalated to wide-scale rioting. Windows were smashed and offices, shops and homes set on fire. Looting broke out in the early hours of Sunday in neighbouring Wood Green and Tottenham Hale. Over the course of the next few days, similar disturbances occurred in other parts of London and in other cities. Different areas of London experienced varying levels of violent protest, vandalism and looting. In some areas like Peckham (8 August), clashes between police and groups of largely local young people sparked violence that turned into looting. Events took a different course in other areas, such as around Clapham Junction station in Battersea (8 August). Here, looting by local people, and others from surrounding areas, was not preceded by any significant protest or clashes with police and continued for several hours before police could arrive in sufficient numbers to halt proceedings. Similar events took place outside London. In Birmingham, looting in the city centre followed by clashes between police and rival groups in suburban areas took place across two nights (8–9 August). In Salford (9 August), events followed a similar pattern to Peckham, with initial aggression towards the police developing quickly into looting. NatCen was commissioned by the Cabinet Office to conduct an independent study into the motivations of young people involved in or affected by the riots - the report is the first, and currently only, major study to be based on what young people themselves have to say. The report focuses on the motivations of young people in five areas affected by the riots, and two areas which were not affected by the riots. It analyses how young people's motivations were shaped by a dramatic and unfamiliar set of circumstances. Whilst examining the background to the riots, the report retains a clear focus on the moral and practical decisions made by different people. The study was delivered by an experienced team of qualitative researchers at NatCen who conducted interviews and focus groups with young people, business owners, youth workers and community leaders in affected and non-affected areas, speaking both to those directly involved and those who chose not to be. The evidence-based analysis provides Cabinet Office, wider government departments and the Independent Riots Communities and Victims Panel, with a deeper understanding of the contributing factors for the sequence of events which took place this summer. Details: London: NatCen, 2011. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 4, 2011 at: http://www.natcen.ac.uk/study/the-august-riots-in-england- Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.natcen.ac.uk/study/the-august-riots-in-england- Shelf Number: 123227 Keywords: Crowd ControlDisorderly ConductLootingRiots (U.K.) |
Author: Froundigoun, Liz Title: Tackling Youth Offending and Violence: Intensive Policing and/or Dispersal Orders Summary: This research for Strathclyde Police was supported by a small grant from the Scottish Institute for Policing Research (SIPR). The research was requested by Strathclyde Police to examine two specific policing initiatives – The Enhanced Policing Plan and Dispersal Orders - for dealing with youth on-street disorder and violence in B Division; historically these neighbourhoods have been characterised by the endemic problem of youth on-street disorder, violence and gang activity. It set out specifically to examine if there was evidence of any long-term benefits from the Enhanced Policing Plan (EPP), an innovative partnership approach to policing in BD sub-division - Shettleston, Baillieston and Greater Easterhouse - which ran in the 6-month period from October, 2007 to February, 20081; and to examine the implementation and efficacy of Dispersal Orders in the neighbouring BA sub-division – Dennistoun, Parkhead and Bridgeton. The EPP was developed in accordance with ACPOS Public Reassurance Strategy and delivered in conjunction with Community Planning Limited (CPP) through a multi-agency approach2 following the ethos for the Community Planning and Community Regeneration Fund. It drew on the principles of the Glasgow City Centre Policing Plan, Operation Reclaim, Operation Phoenix, and Glasgow Anti-Social Behaviour Task Force where intensive policing and the delivery of diversionary activities, were found to have had a significant impact on the levels of reported crime, violence and gang activity. It was structured specifically to increase public reassurance through intensive policing by addressing on the one hand local concerns about youth and gang activity; and on the other the needs of these youths through the delivery of a combination of educational and diversionary activities. Dispersal Orders had been implemented in various areas of BA sub-division prior to the introduction of the EPP, around the same time as the EPP was running, and again during the period of this study, September 2009 – January 2010, to address alcohol-related on-street disorder and violence. Scottish Police Forces were given the power to introduce Dispersal Orders in the Anti-Social Behaviour etc. (Scotland) Act 2004. These controversial orders (Crawford & Lister, 2007) confer on the police the discretion to disperse groups of 2 or more individuals whom they deem to be likely to cause anti-social behaviour. The perception on the part of the police service in Scotland is that, in comparison to England and Wales, the nature and activities of youth on-street disorder and gang membership in Scotland are based on ‘territorialism’, a distinction which is generally perceived as being the most significant characteristic, whereas the relationship with organised crime that is said to characterise the criminality of gang membership in other locations in the UK is thought to be less significant in these locations. Therefore, after the deployment of these two approaches aimed at encouraging desistence from criminality associated with gang membership and on-street youth disorder, it is important to re-examine the perceptions, concerns and needs of the local communities, particularly those of the young people, and the police on: the effects the initiatives have had for on-street disorder and violence, gang activity and territorialism; perceptions of policing; and young people’s perceptions of diversionary activities and local facilities available to them in the communities in which they live. The research accordingly aims to establish what can be learned from these two diverse policing approaches and to identify any changes: in crime levels during the period when Dispersal Orders were implemented; in crime levels since the end of the period of implementation of the EPP; in the views of the police, community planning partners, youth workers and young people about what it is like living in the East End of Glasgow; in the effect gang and violent behaviour has had/is having on their neighbourhood; in the community views and perceptions of the effectiveness of the EPP and Dispersal Orders in tackling these behaviours, and in increasing public reassurance within the area; in what youths identify they need to encourage them to make attitudinal changes in making life choices; and in the working partnerships of the CPP and the police. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Caledonian University, 2010. 89p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2011 at: http://www.sipr.ac.uk/downloads/Youth_offending_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.sipr.ac.uk/downloads/Youth_offending_2010.pdf Shelf Number: 123313 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crimes, DisorderAntisocial Behavior (Scotland)Disorderly ConductGangsNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPolicing Public DisorderPublic Order ManagementPublic Space |
Author: Breen, Courtney Title: Alcohol-Related Crime: Finding a Suitable Measure for Community-Level Analyses Using Routinely Collected Date Summary: Alcohol misuse causes substantial public health harm. Strategies have been proposed to reduce alcohol-related harm at the community-level, which requires suitable community-level measures to monitor changes over time and between communities. For alcohol-related crime, certain offences occurring at certain times that often involve alcohol have been used as a proxy measure. There is currently no adequate empirical rationale for identifying the most reliable proxy measure of alcohol-related crime. This report examines the suitability of three measures of alcohol-related crime. Police records of reported incidents from twenty communities in NSW, Australia, that were involved in a community-wide randomised controlled trial to reduce alcohol-related harm were examined. Three measures were derived; i) serious assaults only, ii) a broader range of assaults and iii) assaults and public nuisance offences. Hierarchical linear models (HLM) account for various sources of variability and correlation of longitudinal data and were used to determine reliability estimates for model parameters and in the calculation of the intraclass correlations (ICC). The broadest measure of alcohol-related crime (assaults and public nuisance offences) was found to have the highest reliability estimates between communities at a given time point and over time. This measure also had the highest ICC, indicating relatively more variability in the measure can be attributed to differences between towns rather than changes over time. The HLM approach gives more accurate reliability estimates than could be assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA. For the communities from where these data derive, the broadest measure is the most reliable for comparing rates of alcohol-related crime between them, and for assessing intervention effects over time. Details: Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2011. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Technical Report No. 317: Accessed November 23, 2011 at: http://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/all/shared_files/ndarc/resources/TR.317.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/all/shared_files/ndarc/resources/TR.317.pdf Shelf Number: 123433 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)AssaultsDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Home Affairs Committee Title: Policing Large Scale Disorder: Lessons from the Disturbances of August 2011 Summary: This presents the submissions to the Committee regarding the disburbances of August 2011. The committee concluded: What ultimately worked in quelling the disorder was increasing the number of police officers on duty and flooding the streets with police. The committee regrets that this did not happen and regards the operation to police the disorder in many towns and cities, and particularly in London, as flawed. Although all the events are grouped together in the public mind as the "August riots", they were different phenomena in different cities and even in different parts of the same city, making it difficult to draw generalised conclusions. The single most important reason why the disorder spread was the perception, relayed by television as well as social media, that in some areas the police had lost control of the streets. Some of those who took part in the disturbances undoubtedly did use social media to communicate with each other, but television also played a part in spreading the disorder. The death of Mark Duggan was a significant factor in the disorder that took place in Tottenham. A potentially tense situation was made worse by failures of communication on the part of the Metropolitan Police and the Independent Police Complaints Commission. All police forces should have a communication strategy in place so that if it is decided that there is a credible threat of severe public disorder, all business in the affected area are given early and consistent advice about what action they should take. This did not happen in August. The Government should urgently clarify whether police authorities will be able to recover the total cost of policing the riots. The August disturbances were an exceptional series of events and, at a time when police authorities are being asked to make significant savings quickly, they should be assisted in meeting the cost of the policing operation. The victim's surcharge, which is currently payable at a flat rate of £15, should be reviewed to consider whether it should be increased for public order incidents where the Riot (Damages) Act 1886 could be invoked. The Government should speed up the process of reimbursing people under the Riot (Damages) Act 1886. The committee commended police forces that made positive use of social media to inform and reassure the public during the disorder. It would be unhelpful to switch off social media during times of widespread and serious disorder. Details: London: House of Commons, 2011. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Sixteenth Report of Session 2010-12: Accessed February 27, 2012 at: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmhaff/1456/1456vw.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmhaff/1456/1456vw.pdf Shelf Number: 124281 Keywords: Disorderly ConductPolicing Public DemonstrationsRiots (U.K.) |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office. Secretary of State Title: Putting Victims First - More Effective Responses to Anti-Social Behaviour Summary: 'Putting victims first – more effective responses to antisocial behaviour'. It sets out the government's plans to deliver on the commitment to introduce more effective measures to tackle antisocial behaviour, and puts them in the wider context of the our reforms to the policing and criminal justice landscape and work to turn round the lives of the most troubled families. The term 'antisocial behaviour' masks a range of nuisance, disorder and crime which affects people's lives on a daily basis: from vandalism and graffiti; to drunk or rowdy behaviour in public; to intimidation and harassment. All have huge impacts on the lives of millions of people in this country. None are acceptable. Many police forces, local authorities and social landlords are working hard to to deal with these problems. However, too often, the harm that antisocial behaviour causes, particularly when it is persistently targeted at the most vulnerable people in our society, is overlooked. At the heart of our new approach is a fundamental shift towards focussing on the needs of victims, rather than the type of behaviour. We know what victims of antisocial behaviour want. First and foremost they want the behaviour to stop, and the perpetrators to be punished for what they've done. They want the authorities to take their problem seriously, to understand the impact on their lives and to protect them from further harm. They want the issue dealt with swiftly and they don’t want it to happen again. The mistake of the past was to think that the government could tackle antisocial behaviour itself. However, this is a fundamentally local problem that looks and feels different in every area and to every victim. Local agencies should respond to the priorities of the communities they serve, not to those imposed from Whitehall. From November this year, directly elected police and crime commissioners will be a powerful new voice for local people, able to push local priorities to prevent antisocial behaviour from being relegated to a 'second-tier' issue. The government does, however, have a crucial role in supporting local areas. We will do that by: focusing the response to anti-social behaviour on the needs of victims - helping agencies to identify and support people at high risk of harm, giving frontline professionals more freedom to do what they know works, and improving our understanding of the experiences of victims empowering communities to get involved in tackling anti-social behaviour – including by giving victims and communities the power to ensure action is taken to deal with persistent antisocial behaviour through a new community trigger, and making it easier for communities to demonstrate in court the harm they are suffering ensuring professionals are able to protect the public quickly – giving them faster, more effective formal powers, and speeding up the eviction process for the most antisocial tenants, in response to recent consultations by the Home Office and Department for Communities and Local Government focusing on long-term solutions – by addressing the underlying issues that drive antisocial behaviour, such as binge drinking, drug use, mental health issues, troubled family backgrounds and irresponsible dog ownership It is vital that those who will be affected by these changes, from the professionals who will use the new powers, to victims seeking protection from targeted abuse, can continue to shape the reforms so that we get them right first time. We will therefore publish a draft bill for pre-legislative scrutiny before introducing legislation. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 23, 2012 at: http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm83/8367/8367.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm83/8367/8367.pdf Shelf Number: 125269 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductGraffitiNuisance Behaviors and DisordersVandalismVictims of Crime |
Author: Frazier Group, LLC Title: Independent Investigation Occupy Oakland Response October 25, 2011 Summary: On October 10, 2011, a group identifying itself as Occupy Oakland set up an encampment in front of Oakland City Hall in Frank Ogawa Plaza Park (FOP Park). The group erected approximately 147 tents, kitchen and restroom facilities, child care areas, posted dozens of banners, and claimed the park as their own. At that time, the City of Oakland sought to accommodate the group in the exercise of their First Amendment rights of expression. However, as time progressed, there were legitimate concerns - mostly supported by evidence - on behalf of city officials for the health, safety and welfare of people in the FOP Park, city employees, and community members. One official who had detailed knowledge of devolving conditions stated "The totality of circumstances was untenable." In short, these concerns included but were not limited to: Health and Welfare - trash and debris were excessive, human and animal waste was observed in excavated holes and buckets, portable bathrooms were too few and un-serviced, rodents were populating the Park, and food preparation and provision were occurring in unsanitary conditions. Safety - illegal and non-permitted electrical hookups were made and structures indicating permanence were erected. Fire inspectors voiced concerns regarding the presence of propane tanks, open-flame cooking, plus cooking and smoking inside tents. A victim who fell from a structure was carried away from the Park for treatment because occupants would not allow fire/medical personnel access. Police officers who attempted to walk through the Park were confronted and told to leave. Attitudes graduated toward aggression and violence. City employees3 were complaining about harassment and concerns for their personal safety. Media reported that a teacher who had occupied the camp was attacked and choked, and a reporter was attacked by a dog and then confronted and told to leave. There were concerns about an alleged sexual assault within the Park, a homeless individual who was beaten with a board, and obvious use of drugs and alcohol. Individuals in the Park felt threatened when they were confronted by groups and told to not communicate with government officials. One government official who attempted to liaison with members of Occupy during a march was told by the marchers he was lucky they did not beat him or spit on him. During the later afternoon hours, the population of the Park increased to the degree where clustering was problematic, tempers flared, arguments ensued, and people within the Park had to intervene to prevent escalation. An effort to identify leadership of Occupy, and then establish a working, collaborative relationship between Occupy and City officials, was a priority of the City from the very early stages of the movement in the Park. A city representative feels that Occupy never allowed this relationship to develop, and in fact Occupy members ensured that it deteriorated over time. City of Oakland Officials became increasingly concerned about conditions within the encampment, and the OPD was directed to develop an eviction plan. On October 25, 2011 beginning at approximately 5:00 AM, 392 OPD and 202 mutual aid personnel responded to 14th and Broadway Streets. Their purpose was execution of the OPD plan to evict the Occupy movement from both FOP Park and from Snow Park. In the early evening, Occupy Oakland clashed with the Oakland Police Department resulting in controversial uses of force, including an incident involving a protestor who was critically injured by a police officer after allegedly being struck in the head by a specialty impact munition and/or a tear gas canister. The Aftermath of October 25th In the wake of these events, serious concerns were raised by both City Officials and by the community at large concerning use of unnecessary force, overall police performance, and OPD’s ability to manage future events in an acceptable manner. The ability of OPD to effectively and impartially investigate the widely reported allegations of police use of force and other misconduct was also questioned. In response to this need for an impartial review of the events of October 25th, the City of Oakland contracted Frazier Group, LLC on December 19, 2011. We are pleased to present the following report, completed under the terms of this contract. Details: Oakland, CA: Frazier Group, 2012. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 28, 2012 at www2.oaklandnet.com/w/OAK036236 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 125370 Keywords: Crowd ControlDisorderly ConductProtestsPublic DisorderRiots and Disorders (California) |
Author: Great Britain. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Title: A Step in the Right Direction: The Policing of Anti-social Behaviour Summary: Around 3.2 million incidents of anti-social behaviour were recorded by the police in England and Wales in 2010/11. Accessible, transparent and regular information on what works best in tackling the problem will help the police to meet the needs of ASB victims, and to assess whether progress is being made. In Spring 2010, Her Majesty‟s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) therefore conducted a review to determine how well forces understood and responded to their local ASB problems. We also surveyed more than 5,500 members of the public who had recently reported ASB to the police (taking a sample from each force area), to find out about their experiences. We committed at the time to repeating the review in 2012, to check on progress. This report summarises the national picture; individual force reports and the 2010 review is available on the HMIC website (www.hmic.gov.uk). Our 2012 survey found that victims are more satisfied than in 2010 with several aspects of the way the police dealt with the specific ASB incident they reported. Over half of victims are satisfied with how well the police deal with ASB in the local area, and almost two thirds with the overall way the police dealt with the incident they reported. Inspection work also revealed a marked improvement in terms of police leadership around ASB, and overall grip of the issue. Performance management and the use of intelligence and analysis has improved across the service, with the result that forces are now far more aware of the ASB issues facing them and their communities. We also found improvements in the way staff are briefed about ASB, and in how neighbourhood policing teams are resourced and monitored. But more needs to be done, particularly in relation to identifying and categorising different forms of ASB correctly (especially those that are personally targeted), and considering any ASB forming part of or linked to recorded crime as part of the whole ASB picture. This is currently not happening in most forces and represents a significant gap in knowledge. In addition, while all forces now have IT systems in place to help identify repeat and vulnerable victims (by automatically flagging up if they have called before), no force consistently bolsters this functionality by ensuring that tactful and targeted questioning of the caller takes place. This means they are missing an opportunity to establish if, for instance, the victim has suffered repeatedly, but has only just plucked up the courage to phone the police; or if a change in circumstances means they should now be considered vulnerable. Some of the callers who most need the police‟s help are therefore not getting the extra support they need. For this to improve, forces must ensure that call-handlers consistently check for repeat victimisation and vulnerability; and more widely, that their technology, systems and people all work seamlessly together to get help to those who need it most. In general though, there is a lot to commend. The group of 43 forces as a whole has improved its understanding and response to ASB since 2010. But when looking in more detail, the picture is mixed and there is substantial variation in practices and performance. Every force has improved in some aspects of what they do, but some more than others. And in concentrating on improving on some issues, some forces have taken their eye off the ball in respect of others. For instance, over half of forces have improved their follow up contact with victims, whilst over a third have fared less well than in 2010 in relation to checking the quality of call takers‟ performance. But overall, victims are getting a better service: and the survey results show that they have noticed. Details: London: Home Office, 2012. 29p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2012 at: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/a-step-in-the-right-direction-the-policing-of-anti-social-behaviour.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/a-step-in-the-right-direction-the-policing-of-anti-social-behaviour.pdf Shelf Number: 125626 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductPolice-Citizen InteractionsPolicingProblem Youth |
Author: FMR Research Title: Final Report May 2009: Evaluation of Nite Zone Summary: This report is a study evaluating the Nite Zone programme implemented by the Glasgow City Centre Alcohol Action Group (GCCAAG). This report highlights the findings of the evaluation and offers recommendations regarding improvements for the project. The evaluation was undertaken during January to April 2009. Glasgow city centre can host between 70,000 to 100,000 people on a Friday or Saturday night which creates challenges when looking at protection and control issues around alcohol. This led to the establishment of the Glasgow City Centre Alcohol Group (CCAAG) in 2003 to tackle alcohol related harm in the City Centre. GCCAAG is a partnership between Strathclyde Police, Glasgow City Council, Glasgow Community & Safety Services and NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. The remit of the group is to develop actions around a range of activities to reduce alcohol-related harm and promote a safer environment by co-ordinated action; with the implicit recognition that at all levels alcohol-related harm cannot be tackled without multi-agency effort. Nite Zone draws together a number of community safety strands which helps to facilitate the prompt and safe exit of users of the Glasgow city centre night time economy. While initially focusing on the area around Glasgow Central Station when the project was established in December 2005, the project was extended to Sauchiehall Street in June 2006. Nite Zone‟s main aims are to get people who are using the night time economy quickly and safely out of the city centre with a positive impact on violent crime, disorder, anti-social behaviour and the fear of crime. 1.2 Objectives The overarching aim of this evaluation was to evaluate and report on the contribution that Nite Zone had made with regard to reducing violence in the City Centre as well as reviewing the success of the specific strands of the Nite Zone initiative. These include: increasing the capacity of night taxi ranks; amending traffic sequences to reduce congestion at night; provision of public street white lighting; developing a radio network involving night clubs and other late night premises; providing Taxi and Bus Marshalls; increasing CCTV operators and providing Public Help Points; and providing first aid to people in taxi queues. Details: Glasgow: FMR Research, 2009. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 16, 2012 at: www.shiftingthebalance.scot.nhs.uk Year: 2009 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 126047 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisordersCrime PreventionDisorderly ConductNightime Economy (Scotland)ViolenceViolent Crime |
Author: Ipsos MORI Title: Anti-Social Behaviour: People, Place and Perceptions Summary: By definition, the scale and impact of anti-social behaviour can only be measured by gauging the perceptions of those whose lives are affected by such behaviour. These survey measures continually show anti-social behaviour issues to be at the forefront of local concerns, surpassing the more traditional responsibilities attached to relevant local public service providers. The 7-strand anti-social behaviour index aggregates the extent to which residents classify different local issues as being problematic in their local areas. These range from environmental-related concerns of rubbish and litter lying around and abandoned or burnt out cars, through to vandalism, graffiti and other deliberate damage, people being drunk or rowdy, people using or dealing drugs, teenagers hanging around on the streets and noisy neighbours or loud parties. It is this 7-strand index measure that we use as the key perceptual indicator in our analysis. Details: London: Ipsos Mori,2007. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2012 at: http://www.ipsos.com/public-affairs/sites/www.ipsos.com.public-affairs/files/documents/anti-social_behaviour.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.ipsos.com/public-affairs/sites/www.ipsos.com.public-affairs/files/documents/anti-social_behaviour.pdf Shelf Number: 126162 Keywords: Antisocial Behaviour (U.K.)Disorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyJuvenilesNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Spaces |
Author: Aston, Elizabeth Title: Evaluation of Glasgow Housing Association's Youth Diversionary Programme Summary: Glasgow Housing Association (GHA), in addition to its role in social housing provision, is engaged in a wider range of activities intended to promote safe, inclusive and sustainable environments and enhance tenant and resident wellbeing. GHA co-funds these activities principally through its Wider Action Fund (WAF), working in partnership with tenants and homeowners, local housing organisations (LHOs) and other registered social landlords (RSLs) and a range of other agencies. Youth diversionary projects are one dimension of the WAF programme, others include health improvement, employability, and financial inclusion initiatives. Youth diversionary projects supported by GHA vary in terms of their aims, scope, coverage, content and stage of development and range from strategic partnerships at national and citywide level to more localised level initiatives. To assist with funding decisions in this area and to build an evidence base, GHA commissioned an evaluation of a selection of its youth diversionary programmes in 2007. This evaluation was conducted between October 2007 and November 2008 as a nested study within the wider GoWell research programme. The evaluation combined qualitative and quantitative research methods, studying three youth diversionary projects with different characteristics. The evaluation comprised of interviews and focus groups with project participants, local residents and stakeholders (both directly involved in the projects and others). The evaluation also involved a survey of participants and the analysis of several sources of secondary data on crime and anti-social behaviour (ASB). This incorporation of the views of local residents, young people, and project stakeholders on the performance and effects of the projects is a particular strength of the evaluation. From the 22 Youth Diversionary projects run by GHA we selected three to study in detail: Operation Reclaim (OR): Operating in five sites across the North-East of the city since summer 2007 providing coached sporting and physical activities for large numbers of young people, plus mentoring support for education, training and progression towards employment. Participate (P8): Operating in the Shawbridge Estate in the South-West of the city since January 2008 providing individual level support for personal, social and educational development to ten ‘disaffected’ young people. Jedworth Avenue (JA): Operating in the Drumchapel Estate in the North-West of the city, completing in summer 2007 providing individual level activities for six young offenders, including cognitive behavioural therapy and training opportunities. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Community Health and Wellbeing Research and Learning Programme, 2010. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2012 at: Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 126164 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorAt-Risk Youth (U.K.)Cognitive Behavioral TherapyDisorderly ConductDiversion, JuvenilesHousingSports |
Author: Jacobson, Jessica Title: Tackling Anti-Social Behaviour: A Critical Review Summary: Over the past decade, anti-social behaviour (henceforth referred to as ASB) has become a focus of much policy-making and debate within central and local government and the police. Clear definitions of ASB are lacking, but the term is usually understood to refer to relatively minor criminal activity and non-criminal ‘nuisance’ behaviour that affects the social and/or physical environment of public or semi-public places. The term ASB is frequently used synonymously with ‘disorder’, and is sometimes associated with the concept of ‘incivilities’. This study emerged out of the recognition that despite the depth of policy interest in ASB in the UK, there is a lack of clarity in many of the policies and strategies (both national and local) that address the issue. Certainly, many of the specific problems associated with ASB are extensively documented, in national policy literature and in local CDRP audit and strategy documents. And strategists and practitioners across the country are engaged in the task of designing and implementing measures that target the problems of ASB in an enormously wide variety of ways. However, notwithstanding this profound commitment to addressing the problems of ASB, it appears that there are gaps in understanding of the phenomenon. Policymakers have not engaged in rigorous thinking about the inter-relationships between ASB and other problems – particularly crime, structural inequalities, and the loss of social capital within the most deprived families and neighbourhoods. Hence, for example, there has been little analysis of how local and national work on ASB can contribute to current programmes on civic renewal and neighbourhood regeneration, although it is usually taken for granted that these different agendas are closely interlinked. Those responsible for the ASB agenda – particularly within the Home Office and its Anti-Social Behaviour Unit (ASBU) – have driven it forward on the conviction that ASB, because it causes misery for a lot of people, must be stopped by all means available (which has tended to mean through enforcement). A typical statement of the TOGETHER campaign reads: The campaign represents a commitment, by everyone involved, to take a stand, to be accountable for their actions and to uphold standards of decency and behaviour. Above all, the TOGETHER campaign is about taking action. By working together, we can deliver change in our communities (Home Office, 2004c) To some extent, this represents a refreshingly vigorous and focussed approach to a deep-seated and often very serious problem. However, the lack of critical and analytical thinking on ASB carries certain risks, particularly that the action will fail if it does not involve understanding of the root causes as well as the symptoms of ASB; being tough on ASB and tough on the causes of ASB if you will. Elsewhere we have called for a balanced approach to ASB strategies (Millie et al., 2005b), where strategies consider prevention as well as enforcement options. Without integrating such work there is a danger that those involved in dealing with these causes on the ground will be alienated because their work is under-valued and under-resourced, that different strands of action relating to ASB and wider issues will work against rather than complement each other. In recognition of the existing gaps in understanding of ASB we initiated this study in order to look at one aspect, namely the rationales of current work on ASB. On the face of it, it seems wholly sensible to tackle ASB simply because ASB is ‘a bad thing’; but what are policy-makers and practitioners seeking to achieve by tackling ASB? This key question raises in turn a number of supplementary questions about rationales for ASB work, including: To what extent is work on ASB (at national and local levels) underpinned by explicit rationales? Are there different rationales, and to what extent do they conflict with or complement each other? Do different rationales for action on ASB imply different forms of action? Are the aims and expectations associated with work on ASB realistic? To what extent are rationales for work on ASB informed by relevant research? Details: London: Institute for Criminal Policy Research, School of Law, King’s College London, 2005. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2012 at: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/3791/1/2005%20Jacobson%20Millie%20%20Hough%20report.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/3791/1/2005%20Jacobson%20Millie%20%20Hough%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 126181 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductIncivilitiesNuisance Behavior and DisorderNuisance Behaviors |
Author: Ipsos MORI Title: Policing Anti-Social Behaviour - the Public Perspective: Wave 2. Research Study for HMIC: Final Report Summary: This is the second wave of research into attitudes towards anti-social behaviour and the police's response, commissioned by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary to complement its inspection of how forces are tackling the problem. It sets out the perceptions of people who contacted the police to report anti-social behaviour - their understanding of 'anti-social behaviour', its impact on their lives, their perceptions of how the police and other agencies deal with it, and how they may react to similar occurrences in the future. Interviews were conducted by telephone in February-March 2012 with a random selection of 9,311 people in England and Wales who called the police to report an incident of anti-social behaviour in September 20112 ('callers' in this report). Findings are compared with those from wave one of the research which was undertaken in May-June 2010 with people who reported anti-social behaviour to the police in September 2009. Details: London: Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabularly, 2012. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2012 at: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/policing-anti-social-behaviour-the-public-perspective-wave-2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/policing-anti-social-behaviour-the-public-perspective-wave-2.pdf Shelf Number: 126182 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductIncivilitiesNuisance Behaviors and DisorderPolicingPublic Opinion |
Author: Parr, Sadie Title: Anti-social Behaviour Intensive Family Support Projects: An Evaluation of Six Pioneering Projects Summary: The Government’s strategy to develop sustainable solutions to anti-social behaviour (ASB) is based on a ‘twin track’ approach involving both action to address the underlying causes of problem behaviour and the use of appropriate sanctions to support and protect the wider community. This report addresses the former of these concerns and presents the findings from a two-year evaluation of six Intensive Family Support Projects (IFSPs) pioneering a new way of working to support ASB ‘perpetrators’ to change their behaviour. The research, funded by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, now the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), was undertaken by a team of specialist researchers at Sheffield Hallam University. The study draws on a wide range of quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate the six intensive family support projects in terms of effectiveness, costs and benefits and lessons for wider dissemination. During 2003, six pioneering local authorities, working closely with housing associations and charities, established a number of dedicated ASB intensive family support projects. While each of the schemes was developed in response to locallyidentified needs, they share a number of common features: • All the projects formed part of local well developed, comprehensive ASB strategies that recognised the inter-related nature of prevention, enforcement and resettlement action and have been designed specifically to help support families, who have been evicted, or who are under threat of homelessness, due to ASB displayed by themselves or visitors to their homes, change their behaviour. • The project interventions aim to break the cycle of poor behaviour and homelessness; bringing families back into mainstream housing; helping children and young people who are perceived to be out of control; and/or providing an alternative solution where other ASB interventions have failed. • The model of provision is based on the work developed by the Dundee Families Project run by NCH in partnership with Dundee City Council (Dillane, 2001). Projects provide a range of services including some or all of the following types of intervention: – outreach support to help families address behavioural and other problems in order to maintain their existing accommodation; – outreach support in dispersed tenancies managed by the project; – intensive support in core residential accommodation managed by the project. Five of the six projects have been developed by NCH (North West) in partnership with authorities in Blackburn with Darwen, Bolton, Manchester, Oldham and Salford, to deliver an outreach, preventative service to reduce the dependency on legal remedies to tackle ASB exhibited by families. Services provided in Bolton and Manchester also include a core residential unit for families considered to be in need of more intensive support and it is proposed that a further core residential unit will be opened in Salford during 2006/07. The sixth project included in the evaluation was established by Sheffield City Council. The dedicated ASB high support service provides both core residential accommodation and dedicated outreach support mainly to families living in dispersed tenancies. Sheffield City Council is thought to be the first local authority in the country to develop this type of intervention and its inclusion in the evaluation provides an opportunity to explore the impact of different models of service provision. The findings in the report are based on an analysis of statistical data collected from project case files in relation to 2562 families, consisting of 370 adults and 743 children, who had worked with the six projects during the period 2003-2005. This quantitative data have been supplemented by qualitative data drawn from interviews with a sample of service users (both adults and children), project staff, referral agencies, and other key stakeholders. Detailed analysis of the costs and benefits of the projects has also been facilitated by scrutiny of project records and accounts. Details: London: Department for Communities and Local Government, 2006. 188p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2012 at: Year: 2006 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 126215 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductFamily InterventionsHousingIncivilitiesNuisance Behaviors and Disorder |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal. Report of Policy Action Team 8: Anti-Social Behaviour Summary: Anti-social behaviour is a widespread problem. It is a problem that is more prevalent in deprived neighbourhoods. Its effects are often most damaging in communities that are already fragile and where services are overstretched. Serious hard-core perpetrators are small in number but their behaviour has a disproportionate impact on large numbers of ordinary people. There is no one accepted definition and anti-social behaviour can range from dropping litter to serious harassment. The lack of hard facts compounds the problem, but it is known that anti-social behaviour: is perceived to be twice as high in deprived areas than nationally; is considered to be a medium-to-large problem by three-quarters of social landlords, with some landlords recording figures of up to 285 complaints a year per 1,000 tenancies; and appears to be increasing, with reports to the police of disorder offences increasing by 19 per cent from 1995–96 to 1997–98 and complaints to environmental health officers about neighbours rising by 56 per cent from 1993 to 1997. Tackling anti-social behaviour should be a high priority and should be seen as a prerequisite for the success of the overall National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal. All agencies will need to be fully engaged in the fight against anti-social behaviour. Central government needs to support local government in doing this. This can be delivered through the following measures: clear responsibility. Given that the action will be based within Crime and Disorder Partnerships, the Home Office (HO) should co-ordinate the process nationally, working very closely with the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) and other Government departments. LAs should name a person to co-ordinate action; targeting anti-social behaviour to be a distinct and separate part of crime and disorder strategies. All agencies should state what their role will be in delivering this; improving performance. Developing a set of key indicators for measuring anti-social behaviour and putting in place corresponding Best Value Performance Indicators. At present anti-social behaviour is no one agency’s priority and so risks their collective neglect. No one agency is responsible for pulling together action in Whitehall or at local authority and neighbourhood level and little information is collected on the number and severity of incidents. This has lead to poor implementation and some real policy gaps. To remedy this the Government has agreed the recommendations in the report, which cover five broad areas: assigning clear responsibility for tackling anti-social behaviour to the Home Office nationally and to Crime and Disorder Partnerships locally; promoting prevention by involving local residents and putting in place measures to create a physical and social environment where anti-social behaviour is less likely to arise in the first place; enforcement: intervening earlier, making better use of current powers such as Anti-Social Behaviour Orders and tackling the hard core; 5 resettlement: breaking the cycle of repeated anti-social behaviour and minimising perverse outcomes of exclusion such as homelessness; and combating racial harassment: putting action to combat racism at the centre of anti-social behaviour strategies. In addition, the report identifies two outstanding issues for further public consultation which will be taken forward by the Home Office and the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. These are: ensuring that there are effective sanctions in place against perpetrators who are living in private rented or owner-occupied accommodation; and preventing perpetrators repeating their behaviour in new accommodation or in different neighbourhoods after eviction. Details: London: Home Office, 2000. 121p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2012 at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffice/social_exclusion_task_force/assets/publications_1997_to_2006/pat_report_8.pdf Year: 2000 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffice/social_exclusion_task_force/assets/publications_1997_to_2006/pat_report_8.pdf Shelf Number: 126223 Keywords: Antisocial Behaviour (U.K.)At-risk YouthDelinquency PreventionDisorderly ConductIncivilitiesNeighborhoods and CrimeNuisance Behaviors and Disorder |
Author: Armitage, Victoria Jane Title: The Inbetweeners: Young People Making Sense of Youth Anti-Social Behaviour Summary: Beginning with the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, the UK government’s ‘Anti-social Behaviour Agenda’ has served to label all young people as potentially anti-social. This study describes and analyses young people’s accounts of anti-social behaviour and the impact of anti-social behaviour legislation on young people living in a rural context. Through semi-structured interviews with eighteen teenagers in a rural northern town who had undertaken anti-social behaviour but were not subject to any individual control measures, the research explores the participants’ perceptions of their (informal) identification as anti-social, their interactions with institutions of social control and how these factors impacted on their sense of self. In particular, it explores the strategies that the respondents utilised to avoid internalising a deviant identity and through doing so examines the relationship between anti-social behaviour and youth as a transition. Whilst none of the respondents considered themselves to be anti-social, they had all been subject to informal control measures including being ‘moved on’ and having their details taken by the police. The findings indicate that for these young people, anti-social behaviour is inexorably tied to their liminal position as ‘youths’ and this allows their identities to be fluid and constantly changing. The respondents understand their social position/s as ‘inbetween’ a variety of statuses, and it is postulated that the widely acknowledged vague nature of ASB definition and their identities as ‘youths’ allows them to negotiate the space between a pro- and anti-social identity without internalising either. They therefore construct anti-social behaviour as a normal part of conventional youth, and something which they will certainly ‘grow out of’. Details: Durham, UK: Durham University, School of Applied Social Sciences, 2012. 275p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed September 4, 2012 at: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3581/1/Victoria_Armitage_Doctoral_Thesis_May_2012.pdf?DDD34+ Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3581/1/Victoria_Armitage_Doctoral_Thesis_May_2012.pdf?DDD34+ Shelf Number: 126242 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)At-risk YouthDelinquency PreventionDisorderly ConductIncivilitiesNuisance Behaviors and Disorder |
Author: Wright, Gillian Title: Review of Housing Related Anti-Social Behaviour Policies and Interventions in the UK Summary: This report is a review of housing related anti-social behaviour (ASB) policy and interventions in the UK. This report examines how ASB is defined, the tools available for tackling it within housing and seeks to review any existing evaluation to assess the effectiveness of ASB measures in the UK. Section 1: Introduction -- Section 1 provides a brief overview of the purpose of the paper, the background to the development of ASB policies, as well as an overview to any evaluation that has taken place. This section also outlines the Government’s position on ASB. Section 2: Defining Antisocial Behaviour -- Section 2 concentrates on the debate surrounding the definition of anti-social behaviour in the policy arena. It has not been possible to provide a neat definition, given the extensive range and spectrum of anti-social behaviour, but this section compares definitions in use across the UK and seeks to establish an agreed definition upon which policy decisions could be made. Section 3: Antisocial Behaviour in Housing -- Section 3 outlines the impact of ASB in housing and the different approaches that are required by social and private housing providers. Section 4: Tools & Initiatives -- Section 4 sets out a number of tools that are available to landlords to tackle ASB, these include: Antisocial Behaviour Contracts and Orders (ABC / ASBO); Scottish Short Secure Tenancies (SSST), etc. This section also outlines the Government’s new proposals for tackling ASB, outlined in their recent consultation document ‘More Effective Responses to Anti-Social Behaviour’. Section 5: Measuring the Costs -- Section 5 provides some data on the costs of tackling ASB and what should be considered when estimating the costs for particular initiatives e.g. Family Intervention Programmes. Section 6: Prevention, Intervention & Enforcement -- This section looks at the core principles in tackling ASB of prevention, intervention and enforcement. The section assesses the difficult balance between preventing, changing and punishing bad behaviour. Section 7: Conclusion & Recommendations -- Section 7 draws some conclusions on the effectiveness, or otherwise, of current definitions and initiatives used to tackle ASB. Section 8: Recommendations -- Section 8 puts forward a number of recommendations, both short-term measures and long-term strategic initiatives to tackle some of the identified problems. Details: Belfast: Department for Social Development, Housing Directorate, 2011. 125p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Paper BRT 1/2011: Accessed October 5, 2012 at: www.dsdni.gov.uk Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 126568 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductHousingNuisance Behaviors and Disorder |
Author: Heap, Victoria Title: Understanding Public Perceptions of Anti-Social Behaviour: Problems and Policy Responses Summary: Anti-social behaviour (ASB) has emerged as a major community safety concern over the past decade. Reducing the number of incidents of ASB and lessening the impact these have upon the publics’ quality of life have become key components of criminal justice policy. The British Crime Survey has provided evidence of the types of ASB being experienced and quantified the proportion of people perceiving high levels of ASB in their local area. This research suggests strong links between high levels of deprivation and perceiving high levels of ASB. Attempts have also been made to determine what factors drive these perceptions, in order to produce evidence-based ASB reduction policies. This thesis builds upon existing research into public perceptions of ASB by exploring public perceptions in-depth, using a mixed methods strategy. A three phase, explanatory sequential design was employed. Phase one quantified public perceptions in selected hardpressed ACORN areas. These findings were utilised to inform the topics for further qualitative elaboration in phase two. The third phase qualitatively explored how practitioners address public perceptions of ASB. Inferences were generated from all three phases of data collection, providing a holistic, coherent and contextualised discussion of potential policy implications of the findings. The findings presented within this thesis uncover new attitudinal based factors that are statistically and independently associated with public perceptions of ASB. In addition, primary and secondary drivers of public perceptions were qualitatively identified in the hardpressed areas studied. New insight has also been provided into the methods practitioners use to address public perceptions, particularly into the difficulties associated with measuring perceptions and the reciprocal relationship that exists between practitioners and the public. The inferences generated suggest that public perceptions of ASB are complex, with the factors influencing perceptions often interconnected. This thesis calls for greater strategic clarification regarding the role perceptions play in ASB policy, in order for accurate, locally applicable perception measurement to be achieved and a reduction in perceived high levels of ASB to be obtained. Details: Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, 2010. 318p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 9, 2012 at: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/9209/ Year: 2010 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/9209/ Shelf Number: 126656 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Attitudes |
Author: Northern Ireland. Criminal Justice Inspection Title: Anti-Social Behaviour: An Inspection of the Criminal Justice System's Approach to Addressing Anti-Social Behaviour in Northern Ireland Summary: Anti-social behaviour can vary in scale from simply being a source of irritation, to being the bane of people’s lives. In its worst form it can lead to the victimisation and intimidation of individuals, families and whole communities, and as such will require a full and rigorous response from the criminal justice system. Equally, there can be times when the behaviour falls short of a breach of criminal law and a more thoughtful problem solving approach is called for. The police have become more focussed on this issue as our society normalises, and the strengthening of Neighbourhood Policing Teams together with the integration of Youth Diversion and Community Safety Officers, has improved the effectiveness of police response. Early and targeted interventions can make a real difference and we have already reported on the need for a clearer, more cohesive strategy in dealing with young people who are at risk of coming into contact with the criminal justice system. The proportionate use of Anti-Social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs) has continued, though we make a recommendation to ensure that in so far as they are applied to young people, they should be subject to review every six months. A partnership approach is advocated, and with responsibilities and action now vested in the new Policing and Community Safety Partnerships, we believe that there is an opportunity to build on the previous good work of their predecessors, the Community Safety Partnerships. It is too early to assess how effective they can be without the glue of a statutory duty for public bodies, though we make a strategic recommendation to the Department of Justice (DoJ) to continue to encourage the fulsome participation of both justice and non-justice agencies in helping deliver the Community Safety Strategy. There are some innovative, effective individual schemes operating in parts of Northern Ireland, and it is important that they become exemplars of best practice in order that they can be replicated in other areas. We make a small number of operational recommendations for the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), the Northern Ireland Courts and Tribunals Service (NICTS) and, under the auspices of the DoJ, the Policing and Community Safety Partnerships. Details: Belfast: Criminal Justice Inspection Northern Ireland, 2012. 95p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 11, 2012 at: http://www.cjini.org/CJNI/files/3e/3e02e6eb-f2bd-446e-a3fe-5b72d4ee8a85.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cjini.org/CJNI/files/3e/3e02e6eb-f2bd-446e-a3fe-5b72d4ee8a85.pdf Shelf Number: 126670 Keywords: Antisocial Behaviour (Northern Ireland, U.K.)CollaborationDisorderly ConductIncivilitiesNuisance Behaviours and DisorderPartnerships |
Author: The Centre for Social Justice Title: Time to Wake Up: Tackling Gangs One Year After the Riots Summary: In 2009 the Centre for Social Justice published Dying to Belong, a landmark review of street gangs in the UK. We argued that gang culture is symptomatic of even deeper social problems: chaotic families; absent fathers; young people cut adrift and lacking purpose; and a revolving door criminal justice system which does nothing to change lives. In Dying to Belong we argued that without concerted action to mend our broken society more violent and appalling disorder will rear its ugly head. There is nothing more dangerous than a group of people who feel they have nothing to gain and nothing to lose. This truth was loudly confirmed when last summer’s riots erupted. Gangs played a significant role in the riots and it is dangerous to pretend otherwise – in London at least one in five of those convicted was known to be part of a gang. One year on, we have talked to members of our UK-wide Alliance of small, frontline organisations and charities asking them how they feel gang culture has changed in the light of the government response. Worryingly, many have drawn us a picture of little or no progress, despite the publication of a positive political strategy. Some have even suggested that the problem is becoming worse with increased violence amongst younger gang members and growing numbers of girls joining gangs. There is also deep concern that the Government is not serious about making a long-term commitment to tackling gang culture and its roots. Many in Whitehall regard the riots as a random one-off and mistake the quashing of the disorder as control of the streets. They could not be more wrong.The alarming fact is that many streets across the country are besieged by anarchy and violence. There is no control in such neighbourhoods. Gangs policy cannot be allowed to drift. To do so would be to give up on children and young people who have already been badly let down. It would leave communities ever more vulnerable to even larger, more active gangs in the future. The Government must rediscover the momentum and commitment it once had to tackle gangs. Without a reversal of the social breakdown and disorder that characterises too much of life in our most deprived communities, we will continue to see wasted generation after wasted generation. And countless other young people will lose their lives to this tragic and pointless violence. In the aftermath of last year’s riots, the Prime Minister declared ‘an all-out war on gangs and culture’ in response to claims that such groups played a significant role in the disorder. Over the past 12 months their part has been continually called into question. Elements of the media have leapt upon the finding that, outside of London, fewer than one in ten arrestees were gang members, citing this as proof that gangs were not pivotal. Statistics revealing that one in five of those arrested in London was a known gang member have been downplayed. Details: London: The Centre for Social Justice, 2012. 15p. Source: Policy Paper: Internet Resource: Accessed November 3, 2012 at http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/client/images/Gangs%20Report.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/client/images/Gangs%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 126862 Keywords: Antisocial BehaviorCrime Prevention ProgramsDisorderly ConductGang ViolenceGangs (U.K.)Intervention ProgramsNuisance Behaviors and DisordersRiots |
Author: Cheesman, Fred Title: Philadelphia Community Court Evaluation Final Report: Outcome/Impact Analysis and Update on Process Evaluation Summary: In the 1990s, the Center City District of Philadelphia began experiencing an increase in the number of what are generally termed “quality-of-life” crimes, such as vandalism, prostitution, disorderly conduct, and minor thefts. City and justice system officials recognized that because of jail and prison overcrowding, insufficient alternative sentencing options, and the need to focus limited resources on more serious crimes, quality-of-life crimes were a low priority for law enforcement and had become virtually decriminalized. This report presents the methodology and findings of the evaluation of the outcome and implementation of the Philadelphia Community Court (PCC), which was established to process “quality-of-life” crimes, such as vandalism, prostitution, disorderly conduct, and minor thefts. Details: Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Coruts, 2010. 78p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 1, 2012 at: http://dn2vfhykblonm.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/philadelphia_community_court_final_report.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://dn2vfhykblonm.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/philadelphia_community_court_final_report.pdf Shelf Number: 127089 Keywords: -Nuisance Behaviors and DisorderCommunitiy Courts (Philadelphia)Disorderly ConductProblem-Solving CourtsProstitutionPublic Order OffensesVandalism |
Author: Innes, Martin Title: Mapping and Measuring the Social Harms of Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour; Towards an Outcomes-Based Approach to Community Safety in Wales Summary: This document reports findings from an exploratory study designed to conceptually and empirically develop the concept of ‘social harm’. Social harm is defined as the negative collective impacts associated with an illegal or disorderly act, or social control intervention. The study had three key aims: 1) To establish a more robust conceptual definition of social harm in relation to the impacts of crime and disorder; 2) Reflecting this definition, to develop a more sophisticated method of measuring the distribution and intensity of social harm; 3) Apply these measures to test what insights they may afford in relation to how crime and disorder affects communities and neighbourhoods. Engagement with these aims is set against a backdrop where harm has become an increasingly influential idea in some areas of the criminal justice system. In particular, it is commonly used in relation to illegal narcotics and has acquired some traction in relation to measures designed to address serious and organised crime. These developments notwithstanding, wider uptake and use of the concept of harm has been inhibited by difficulties in deriving robust and stable measurements, as well as a lack of clarity in thinking about what precisely constitutes harm and how it differs from other measures. The work conducted for this study suggests that harm can be differentiated from several other allied concepts of risk, threat and vulnerability. Examining these helps to define and clarify the unique conceptual space occupied by the idea of harm. Orthodox approaches to measuring risk are based upon determining the likelihood of an event occurring in conjunction with its relative impact. Risks become threats when they are less prospective and more immediate. Vulnerability is concerned with the likelihood and capacity to be harmed. These ideas can be combined in order to identify the ‘risk of harm’ or ‘vulnerability to harm’. However, it can be seen that harm is unique in focusing upon actual negative impacts. The defining quality of a harm based framework is then that it attends to the impacts or effects of problems or issues. So whereas more orthodox measures of crime and disorder tend to be weighted towards prevalence, that is the amount of that issue that is occurring, focusing upon harm shifts attention to impact and consequences. The significance of this is that it recognises that in terms of understanding and mitigating the harms of crime and disorder, there might be a small number of incidents that impact quite heavily upon the public. Likewise, just because there is a highly prevalent issue in an area, it cannot be assumed that it is the ‘market mover’ in terms of shaping public attitudes and opinions. There are of course different kinds of harm that can be generated and experienced. Crime and disorder receives attention (at least in part) because of the harm that is done to victims. Whilst this form of individual harm is important, herein, the focus is explicitly upon the ‘social’ harm of crime. Adopting this approach reflects findings from an accumulating body of research evidence, that crime and disorder can be extremely consequential at the collective level in terms of negatively shaping the security, well‐being and resilience of communities and/or neighbourhoods. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Universities Police Science Institute, 2011. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2013 at: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/caecd/research/130121-mapping-measuring-social-harms-crime-anti-social-behaviour-en.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/caecd/research/130121-mapping-measuring-social-harms-crime-anti-social-behaviour-en.pdf Shelf Number: 127530 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (Wales, U.K.)Disorderly ConductDrug Abuse and CrimeEnvironmental DisorderNeighborhoods and CrimeSocial Disorder and Crime |
Author: Seattle Police Department Title: Seattle Police Department. After - Action Review, May Day Events, 05/01/2012 Summary: This report accessed the response of the Seattle Police Department to the May Day events of 2012. On May Day 2012, permitted events included a support for immigration march, additionally there were open source announcements of a protest, a Hip Hop group and other protesters who would then march without a permit. Untimately, people dressed in black did damage to businesses in the downtown core before both ad Mayoral declaration and police action interdicted those bent on destruction. On May Day, officers made arrests for both property damage and assault on Police Officers. Following the event, a May Day Task Force was assembled to review video footage of those who caused damage in an effort to hold them accountable for their crimes. This report presents the report of the Seattle Police Department in response to calls for a review of actions taken by the Department. Details: Seattle, WA: Seattle Police Department, 2012. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2013 at: http://www.seattle.gov/police/publications/MayDay/SPD_After_Action_May_Day_2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.seattle.gov/police/publications/MayDay/SPD_After_Action_May_Day_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 128202 Keywords: Crowd ControlDisorderly ConductProtests and Demonstrations (Seattle, U.S.)Public Order Management |
Author: Hillmann, Michael R. Title: Independent Review Report to the Chief of Police, Seattle Police Department Response to May Day 2012 Summary: This independent review examines the response of the Seattle Police Department to the disturbances which took place during the May Day celebration of 2012. Details: Seattle: Seattle Police Department, 2013. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 4, 2013 at: http://www.seattle.gov/police/publications/MayDay/Hillmann_After_Action_May_Day_2012.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.seattle.gov/police/publications/MayDay/Hillmann_After_Action_May_Day_2012.pdf Shelf Number: 128203 Keywords: Crowd ControlDisorderly ConductProtests and Demonstrations (Seattle, U.S.)Public Order Management |
Author: Innes, Helen Title: Personal, Situational and Incidental Vulnerabilities to ASB Harm: a follow up study. Summary: This study makes a significant contribution to the evidence base around the impacts of antisocial behaviour (ASB) upon victims and „what works‟ in terms of police responses to such problems. It extends and elaborates some of the findings originally set out in 2010 in the Universities‟ Police Science Institute‟s (UPSI) report „Rethinking the Policing of Antisocial Behaviour‟ that advocated a shift towards a more victim-centred and harm-based approach. This influenced HMIC‟s „Stop the Rot‟ report of that year. In 2012 HMIC inspected all police forces to check their progress in implementing reforms based upon the findings of the 2010 work. The Inspectorate concluded that whilst progress had been made by all forces in improving their responses to ASB, opportunities for further improvement remained. Accordingly, the analysis set out herein seeks to clarify these opportunities and what police can do to better protect repeat and vulnerable victims of ASB Driven by an empirical analysis of a survey of nearly 10,000 ASB victims (the largest dataset of its kind) and HMIC police performance assessments, we focus in particular upon the concept of vulnerability. This recognises that some people and communities are more liable to being negatively impacted by ASB because they lack social, economic and psychological resilience to withstand the negative effects associated with such experiences. Informed by analysis of the data we identify three main types of vulnerability: 1. Personal vulnerability – results from an individual or group‟s characteristics, identity or status. In effect, there are certain individual characteristics that shape susceptibility to being negatively affected by a victimisation experience. For example, mental or physical health status. 2. Situational vulnerability –where the impact of any ASB is amplified by some aspect of the context in which it occurs. For example, neighbourhoods that are socially or economically stressed may be more harmed by the occurrence of ASB. Similarly, areas with low levels of social capital or high crime rates may be negatively impacted by events that, if they occurred in different circumstances, would be less influential. 3. Incidental vulnerability – our analysis demonstrates that there are certain forms of antisocial incident that are likely to induce harmful effects for victims. Most notably, this includes repeated occurrences, but also incidents perceived by victims to be personally targeted. When different combinations of vulnerability are profiled, we find differences in their prevalence and social distribution. For example, repeat and vulnerable victims are disproportionately drawn from poor socio-economic circumstances, whereas repeat, but not vulnerable, victims are not. Police forces differ from each other in the profile of their callers on characteristics of vulnerability and repeat victimisation. Health vulnerability, for example, is present in approximately 25 percent of callers in Dyfed Powys compared to 8 percent in City of London. A better knowledge of local victim profiles is therefore central to understanding the underlying nature of the ASB problem. Our analysis of victim satisfaction and its links with police performance data enable us to highlight a number of areas where there are gains to be made in meeting the needs of ASB victims. The most challenging cases are where victims are both repeat and vulnerable. The complex and ever-changing circumstances associated with ASB and the victim means that there is no substitute for inter-personal communication at the point of report. Technological „solutions‟ can identify some, but not all, vulnerable victims. All victims want to feel listened to, taken seriously, and to know what police action was taken as a result of their call. However, because some victims are more vulnerable and at risk than others, they do not all share the same „starting place‟. Whilst the needs of repeat or vulnerable victims may be generally well met by police, the repeat and vulnerable victim is most likely to „fall through the net‟. The percentage of victims who viewed their call to police as having made „no difference‟ was greater for the most acute category of repeat and vulnerable victim at 45 percent compared to 35 percent for victims who were neither repeat nor vulnerable. The identification of vulnerability and risk should prompt police to consider ‘doing more’ with the victim or ‘doing different’. This does not have to be resource-intensive; it could be offering greater reassurance, taking more time to communicate or communicating more frequently. Better police performance is unlikely to ‘drive down’ the overall volume of calls on ASB, but it can improve victim satisfaction and public reporting of this type of crime. The available evidence suggests that reductions in the number of ASB reports may not be a reliable indicator of performance improvements in this domain. In fact, somewhat counter-intuitively, better performing forces were more likely to see the public report issues to them and forces with a high public need tended to have more effective police systems in place. Our analysis suggests that area level deprivation drives call volume; in areas of high deprivation 60 percent could be classified as repeat callers of three times or more, compared with 38% in low deprivation areas. The key operational implications of our analysis are summarised in an ASB Call Template or ‘ACT’ model. This model proposes four key stages in the process from receiving an ASB call through to completed action feedback to the victim. These stages are: 1. The primary ‘inter-personal’ stage: the use of probing questions at every point of report to establish and record who, where, and why the victim is reporting. 2. The secondary ‘I.T’ stage: linking this victim information with any previous contacts, with area data or previous intelligence to add depth and context to the victim report. 3. Action Planning: identification of risk and the deployment of resources. This necessitates a degree of „tailoring‟ responses according to the needs of the victim. 4. Communicate Action: timely and appropriate feedback to the victim about what the police response was to their call with due consideration of the needs of the victim. Details: Cardiff, UK: Universities' Police Science Institute, Cardiff University, 2013. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 9, 2013 at: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/personal-situational-and-incidental-vulnerabilities-to-anti-social-behaviour-harm-a-follow-up-study.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/personal-situational-and-incidental-vulnerabilities-to-anti-social-behaviour-harm-a-follow-up-study.pdf Shelf Number: 128323 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductIncivilitiesNuisance Behaviors and DisorderPolice ResponseVictims of Crime |
Author: Van Hout, Marie Claire Title: A Rapid Assessment Research (RAR) of Drug and Alcohol Related Public Nuisance in Dublin City Centre Summary: The research aimed to assemble an evidence base around perceived anti-social behaviour associated with the provision of drug treatment in Dublin’s city centre, upon which to build a strategic response incorporating short/medium/long term goals and actions within the area. It will be used to guide discussions on how to reduce visibility of drug related public nuisance, improve public perceptions of safety in the area and provide comprehensive, safe, effective and appropriate treatment services within a series of short, medium and long-term strategies. Methods employed The RAR method combined various research methods and data sources in order to construct an overview of the problem by cross-checking and comparing the information from several different sources, which included the following; 1. A critical review of literature using the following inclusive search terms: anti-social behaviour, public nuisance, open drug scenes, public place injecting, intimidation, drug related litter, situation crime prevention, policing, community activism, urban regeneration and drug mandated treatment from the period 1998 to 2012 and using several electronic databases (Google Scholar, Ebsco Host, Science Direct, PubMed). 2. PULSE data for the research area was analysed and provided by An Garda Siochana. 3. A mapping exercise inclusive of an environmental visual assessment using digital photographs to view the geographical distribution of drug and alcohol related public nuisance was undertaken to assess levels of ‘hotspots’ for public nuisance, anti-social drug and alcohol using congregations, drug related littering, alcohol retail outlets and placement of drug treatment, housing, policing and community services in the area. 4. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with business and transport stakeholders (n=19), community, voluntary and statutory stakeholders (n=19), and service users (n=23). 5. Random street intercept surveys were conducted with passers-by (n=25) and with drug users (n=26). The chosen methodologies are essentially concerned with participant experiences of anti-social behaviour in this research area, types of behaviours recorded and opinions around potential strategic response. Data was collected over a four-week period in November and December 2011 and January 2012 by an experienced Privileged Access Interviewer [PAI]. Details: Dublin: Strategic Response Group, 2012. 187p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 16, 2013 at: http://inef.ie/documents/SRG%20Research%20report%20final%20Dec%202012(Final).pdf Year: 2012 Country: Ireland URL: http://inef.ie/documents/SRG%20Research%20report%20final%20Dec%202012(Final).pdf Shelf Number: 128385 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial BehaviorDisorderly ConductDrug Related Crime, DisorderNuisance Behaviors and DisordersPublic Order Management |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Empowering Communities, Protecting Victims. Summary report on the community trigger trials Summary: The community trigger will give victims and communities the right to demand that agencies deal with persistent anti-social behaviour. Long-running problems can destroy a victim’s quality of life and shatter a community’s trust in police and other agencies. It is often targeted at the most vulnerable people in our communities. A recent report published by HM Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) showed that repeat and vulnerable victims are disproportionately exposed to and harmed by anti-social behaviour, and that vulnerable people who suffer repeat incidents are most likely to fall through the net. This could be as a result of low level anti-social behaviour being dealt with on a case by case basis without the full impact on the victim being considered, or reports to a number of agencies resulting in isolated responses that do not fully deal with the issue. We do not expect there to be large numbers of triggers as a duty already exists on local agencies to deal with every report of anti-social behaviour. As the trials have shown, even where a very low threshold is set, the number of triggers received was consistent with other areas, showing that where there is effective partnership working fewer victims have to resort to activating the trigger. We know it is rare for victims to report the first incident of anti-social behaviour, often waiting for something to happen several times before contacting agencies. The community trigger will build on existing good practice and encourage the police, councils, housing providers and other agencies to work together to tackle anti-social behaviour, particularly where the victim is vulnerable. We want the community trigger to give victims, regardless of where they live, the confidence that their reports of anti-social behaviour will be dealt with quickly and effectively. It will ensure that no-one has to suffer persistent, targeted anti-social behaviour over a prolonged period of time before agencies take action. Anti-social behaviour is very different from one area to the next and the response has to be decided locally. We do not propose to spell out in legislation exactly how local areas should implement the trigger. Instead, police, local authorities, housing providers and health agencies will be required to work together to design their community trigger. This degree of local flexibility means that it will be tailored to meet the needs of victims in the local area. We trialled the community trigger in four areas to test it on the ground and to explore some of the ways in which the community trigger could be implemented. Trials started on 1 June 2012 in Manchester, Brighton and Hove, West Lindsey and Boston (Lincolnshire), with a further trial starting in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames on 17 August 2012. These areas have assessed their trials and their reports are published alongside this summary. Their reports include a description of each community trigger received and how agencies responded. This report highlights the lessons identified by the trial areas, and is intended to be used by agencies setting up their own community trigger procedures. For ease of reference, the key lessons are covered in more detail at the end of the report. Details: London: Home Office, 2013. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 13, 2013 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/197639/Community_trigger_trials_report_v2.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/197639/Community_trigger_trials_report_v2.pdf Shelf Number: 128717 Keywords: Anti-Social Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductRepeat Victimization |
Author: Snowball, Lucy Title: Is the Decrease in Assaults at Licensed Premises being Driven by Changes in Staff Reporting Rates? Summary: Aim: To determine whether changes to legislation and regulation of licensed premises have affected the willingness of staff in both Top 100 and unranked premises to report assaults on licensed premises. Method: A random sample of 1600 assaults over the period from January 2008 and December 2011, half from Top 100 premises and half from unranked premises. Kendall’s test for trend was used to determine whether there had been a change in behaviour over the period. Results: No change was detected in either series. Conclusion: The changes to legislation and regulation do not appear to have affected staff reporting rates in either Top 100 or unranked licensed premises overall. However changes in the behaviour of individual licensed premises cannot be ruled out. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2013. 3p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue paper no. 87: Accessed August 6, 2013 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB87.pdf/$file/BB87.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/BB87.pdf/$file/BB87.pdf Shelf Number: 129551 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)AssaultsDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Payne, Troy C. Title: Green Bay Chronic Nuisance Notification Evaluation, 20062010 Summary: Green Bay City Ordinance Chapter 28 allows the municipality to recover the cost of providing police services for chronic nuisances. Enforcement of Chapter 28 began in October 2006 and continues as of this writing. This report examined calls for service at properties with chronic nuisance enforcement to determine if enforcement was associated with a reduction in calls for service. Findings Our analysis found that: - There is an immediate, significant reduction in calls for service after chronic nuisance enforcement. - The reduction in calls for service persists over a four‐year period. There is not a general "rebound effect" at chronic nuisance parcels after enforcement ends. - The reduction in calls for service persists even after controlling for number of units, district, and city‐wide longitudinal trends. Key recommendations Based on our findings, we recommend that the Green Bay Police Department: - Continue recording detailed information for each chronic nuisance case. - Continue using human judgment when making chronic nuisance determinations. - Collect data on additional outcome measures such as community satisfaction, diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and officer time spent at each property. - Consider creating objective criteria for compliance. - Encourage officers and dispatchers to enter accurate arrival and clear times in the CAD to facilitate analysis. - Partner with local landlord associations to encourage their members to engage in crime prevention and good management. - Continue development of early warning systems for internal and external use. - Consider amending the ordinance to reduce police officer and analyst time required. Conclusions Enforcing the chronic nuisance ordinance is costly in terms of officer and analyst hours. This analysis found that such enforcement is associated with reduced calls for service. We note, however, that the best use of the chronic nuisance ordinance may be as a credible threat. That is, the credible threat of chronic nuisance enforcement can be a powerful enticement for property owners to partner with the Green Bay Police Department on crime prevention and nuisance abatement efforts. Details: Anchorage: University of Alaska Anchorage, Justice Center, 2012. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 23, 2013 at: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/research/2010/1301.greenbay/1301.01.green_bay_eval.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/research/2010/1301.greenbay/1301.01.green_bay_eval.pdf Shelf Number: 131677 Keywords: Crime PreventionDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Calafat, Amador Title: Tourism, Nightlife and Violence: A Cross Cultural Analysis and Preventive Recommendations Summary: At first glance, violence and tourism do not seem closely related. Holidays are that time in which we get away from our daily routines in search of fun and rest, somewhere different, spending leisure time with family and friends, or even alone. So peoples spirits and expectations should be high in anticipation of their trip. But why do we frequently hear news about young people dying in tourist resorts after falling from the balconies of their hotels? Why do we read about fights in discotheques, in which somebody can end up having a bottle smashed over their head? Why are the emergency services saturated in some resorts, especially in summer, attending to hundreds of cases of young people poisoned by alcohol or other substances? It would seem, indeed, that the panorama is not the idyllic one we might expect. A first response, simple and somewhat conjectural, is that the kinds of problems described above are caused by the typical behaviour of young tourists from central and northern Europe who visit Mediterranean resorts. But this cannot be the case: neither is it the majority who behave violently, nor do they normally behave like that in their countries of origin. What is it, then, that triggers such inappropriate, sometimes vandalistic, aggressive and frenzied behaviour? This is the question to which we try and respond in this report. Over a period of four years (2007-2010) we have collected data from young tourists visiting the Balearic Islands (Spain), as well as other destinations, such as Algarve (Portugal), Venice (Italy), Crete (Greece) or Cyprus. In these studies and in others there is a constant factor, which is the abusive consumption of alcohol. We know that alcohol is a powerful disinhibitor of executive control. This control is exercised in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, telling us what it is appropriate to do and what it is not, and helping us to weigh up the consequences and make decisions accordingly. In states of intoxication this control disappears. Thus, a large part of such inappropriate behaviours could be attributed to the abuse of alcohol and drunkenness. But this is only the first part of the explanation. The next step is to ask ourselves how these contexts facilitate such behaviours. In many tourist destinations alcoholic drinks are offered at giveaway prices. Indeed, it is sometimes as cheap (or as expensive) to buy a beer as it is to buy a bottle of water. The nightlife scene is frequently livened up with images and promotions with recreational-sexual content, creating an atmosphere of anything goes. This strategy can often be seen in offers from tour operators and local businesses targeting young holidaymakers in particular. It is hardly surprising, then, that tourists arrive with pre-programmed expectations of wild parties and a culture of excess, which act as facilitators of these inappropriate behaviours. But the health-risk behaviours associated with the abuse of alcohol and illegal drugs extend beyond violence to cover, for example, sex-related behaviours promiscuity, sex without condom, sexual harassment; moreover, being under the effects of alcohol or other substances makes it more likely for one to be the victim of theft, road accidents and accidents of other types (e.g., falls). We can see, then, a whole range of problems deriving from this holidaymaking style revolving around the nightlife context, though naturally it also involves positive aspects of socialization. Why do we not create the global conditions for this type of tourism to give way to a more high-quality kind of tourism, without involving financial losses for the sector? In the countries of origin of these young tourists, many companies in the nightlife leisure sector have opted to promote a high-quality type of nightlife recreational context, based on the latest criteria developed in the field. However, it is not common for such measures to be applied in holiday resorts. On the contrary, there seems to be a certain reluctance to adopt new measures for fear of losing markets; there is a view that some of the changes mooted would increase costs and lead to a loss of competitiveness; permissiveness has become a selling point. The tourist industry itself will not take the matter seriously until there is a global and synergic initiative that forces the different groups involved to seek consensus-based solutions. Such efforts should be supported by a law or by local regulations providing the conditions for achieving standards of quality in our tourism, and by the application of prevention programs of proven efficacy. Equally essential is the cooperation of the consulates and tourist ministries from the tourists country of origin. Without an awareness of the need for change at an international level and common goals in the medium and long term with benefits for all the parties involved, it will be difficult to produce a robust response to this problem. This report sets out, on the one hand, to offer a detailed analysis of the situation, but at the same time to serve as a resource of concrete and viable ideas and proposals for better practice in all those sectors involved in the tourist industry. Details: Palma de Mallorca: IREFREA, 2010. 58p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 17, 2014 at: http://www.irefrea.org/uploads/PDF/Calafatetal_2010.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.irefrea.org/uploads/PDF/Calafatetal_2010.pdf Shelf Number: 131950 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyTourismVandalism |
Author: Delaney, Anne Title: Wales Anti-social Behaviour: Policy and Practice Review Summary: and the Housing and Regeneration Minister has said clearly that anti-social behaviour is unacceptable. The Welsh Government wants landlords to take a proactive approach to tackling anti-social behaviour, and for social housing providers to adopt firm and proactive policies to deal with it. Whether intentional or not, anti-social behaviour causes unnecessary worry, annoyance, and even alarm and distress. When it happens, it can harm people's health and well being, their quality of life and, in some cases, present risks to their safety. Its impact can ruin people's lives and communities too, making whole areas feel unsafe. The Welsh Government believes that anti- social behaviour is, and should be seen to be, unacceptable. They want all landlords to be proactive in preventing it from happening in the first place. If it does occur, they want landlords to tackle it early to prevent any escalation. The Welsh Government requires all local authorities and housing associations to have policies in place to deal with anti-social behaviour that include a variety of methods for tackling it, including prevention and early intervention approaches. However, current practices to tackle anti-social behaviour vary. The Welsh Government's Housing White Paper made several commitments regarding anti-social behaviour: (i) to ask the Wales Anti-social Behaviour Group to make a robust assessment of the current situation and good practice that exists, and to recommend further action for housing organisations; (ii) to take matters relating to anti-social behaviour into account in legislation relating to the private rented sector for the development of the registration and accreditation scheme; (iii) to evaluate the Wales Housing Management Standard for Tackling Anti-social Behaviour and use the findings to inform future action. This research project is the prime means of delivering the commitments in (i) and (iii) above. Details: Cardiff: Welsh Government Social Research, 2014. 146p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2014 at: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/140212-how-social-landlords-tackle-anti-social-behaviour-en.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/140212-how-social-landlords-tackle-anti-social-behaviour-en.pdf Shelf Number: 132304 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Mathews, Rebecca Title: Risk-Based Licensing and Alcohol-Related Offences in the Australian Capital Territory Summary: Since December 2010, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has calculated and set liquor licensing fees according to venue type, occupancy, and trading hours, a practice known as risk-based licensing (RBL). RBL was introduced in the ACT amid growing concerns about the prevalence of alcohol-related problems at licensed premises, increases in the proportion of assaults involving alcohol and increases in hospitalisations for alcohol-related injury. RBL aims to recover some of the policing and regulatory costs of alcohol-related offences with higher risk licensees required to contribute proportionally more to these costs by paying higher licensing fees. In 2012, the Standing Committee on Justice and Community Safety Inquiry into Liquor Licensing Fees and Subordinate Legislation reported that one year after the introduction of RBL in the ACT, alcohol-related offences had declined. However it was not clear to what degree alcohol-related offences had declined at licensed premises in entertainment precincts after midnight. Also, concerns persisted, particularly among licensees, that RBL disadvantaged some licensees and failed to address the contribution of off-trade licensees and pre-loading to alcohol-related harms. This study investigated the impacts of RBL on patterns of alcohol-related offences in the ACT and stakeholders' perceptions of its efficacy and limitations. It is the first study to attempt to evaluate the impacts of RBL on alcohol-related offences and to seek input from key stakeholders as to its efficacy and limitations. Details: Deakin, AUS: Foundation for Alcohol Research & Education, 2013 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 17, 2014 at: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Risk-based-licensing-and-alcohol-related-offences-in-the-ACT-Final.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Australia URL: http://www.fare.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Risk-based-licensing-and-alcohol-related-offences-in-the-ACT-Final.pdf Shelf Number: 132381 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol-Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Narr, Tony Title: Police Management of Mass Demonstrations: Identifying Issues and Successful Approaches Summary: Perhaps there is no greater challenge for police officers in a democracy than that of managing mass demonstrations. It is here, after all, where the competing goals of maintaining order and protecting the freedoms of speech and assembly meet. Police in the United States have a long history of handling mass demonstrations. During the 1960s and throughout the Vietnam War era, American law enforcement was tested time and again on how to best manage mass protest demonstrations. Often the police succeeded brilliantly in peacefully managing hundreds of thousands of demonstrators. At other times, the actions of the police became the unintended focus of protesters and the centerpiece of media coverage of the event. Tough lessons were learned during this period. In the relative calm that followed for almost twenty years, police attention to preparedness for mass demonstration events assumed a lower priority than it had in previous decades. The 1999 Seattle World Trade Organization (WTO) protest changed all that, sending shock waves felt by police agencies around the world. By all accounts, the events that took place in Seattle and the reactions of the police became a vital lesson for police everywhere-learn from this experience or risk repeating it. In fact, then-Chief of Police Norm Stamper came to a Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) meeting shortly after the WTO demonstration and shared the lessons that grew out of Seattle. I recall Chuck Ramsey, Chief of Police in Washington, D.C., and John Timoney, then-commissioner of the Philadelphia Police Department (and who later became Chief of Police in Miami), listening carefully to those lessons. Both chiefs would later be tested by major mass demonstration events in their own cities. Since the events in Seattle, we have endured the events of September 11, 2001. These, too, have had an impact on how police handle mass demonstrations. If our concern before focused primarily on out-of-control demonstrators or anarchists, today police executives must be mindful that large-scale events may represent an opportunity for terrorists to carry out their own agenda in a very public and dangerous way. As such, the challenge of policing mass demonstrations highlights a number of issues for today's police executive, including How to effectively manage police resources to deal with large numbers of people who may be either expressing their fundamental constitutional right to protest or who simply are gathering spontaneously after a major sports victory; How to work with business/community members who are not involved in the demonstration/celebration but who have an expectation that the police will protect them and their property from unlawful or destructive behavior; How to effectively gather information for a planned or spontaneous mass demonstration; How to integrate local, state and federal resources- and maintain accountability; How to identify the policy issues and what procedures and safeguards should be in place for mass arrests; Determining what level of force should be used when demonstrators become unruly and who gives the command to use it; and n Clarifying the role of the agency's chief executive before, during and after an event. Who is in charge of managing the demonstration? These questions and many more are the focus of this publication. This report is not so much a detailed, operational guide as it is an overview of the major issues to consider when planning the police role in managing a mass demonstration. While most police chiefs will be aware of a great many of the issues raised, this report sheds light on a number of issues that are not as easily recognized for their potential to derail the efforts of police. Our hope is to offer police executives and operational commanders a snapshot of lessons already learned and a roadmap through the steps they will take in preparation for future major mass demonstration events. This report is part of the PERF Critical Issues publication series, and we are very grateful for Motorola, Inc.'s, support of this effort. We are especially grateful to the police chiefs and their staffs who contributed their time and ideas to this project. Details: Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum, 2006. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 16, 2014 at: http://www.policeforum.org/assets/docs/Critical_Issues_Series/police%20management%20of%20mass%20demonstrations%20-%20identifying%20issues%20and%20successful%20approaches%202006.pdf Year: 2006 Country: United States URL: http://www.policeforum.org/assets/docs/Critical_Issues_Series/police%20management%20of%20mass%20demonstrations%20-%20identifying%20issues%20and%20successful%20approaches%202006.pdf Shelf Number: 130801 Keywords: Crowd ControlDisorderly ConductMass DemonstrationsRiots and Public Disorder |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014: Reform of anti-social behaviour powers; Statutory guidance for frontline professions Summary: Anti-social behaviour is a broad term used to describe the day-to-day incidents of crime, nuisance and disorder that make many people's lives a misery - from litter and vandalism, to public drunkenness or aggressive dogs, to noisy or abusive neighbours. Such a wide range of behaviours means that responsibility for dealing with anti-social behaviour is shared between a number of agencies, particularly the police, councils and social landlords . Victims can feel helpless, bounced from one agency to another and then back again. In many cases, the behaviour is targeted against the most vulnerable in our society and even what is perceived as 'low level' anti-social behaviour, hen targeted and persistent, can have devastating effects on a victim's life. Our reforms are designed to put victims at the heart of the response to anti-social behaviour, and give professionals the flexibility they need to deal with any given situation. This is statutory guidance issued under sections 19, 32, 41, 56, 73 and 91 of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 and replaces the draft guidance issued in October 2013. This guidance is written primarily for the police officers, council staff and social landlords who will use the new powers. Part 1 looks at the new measures being introduced to give victims a greater say in the way their reports of anti-social behaviour are dealt with. Part 2 then outlines the new powers. We have worked closely with frontline professionals, victims and others in the development of the legislation, and we will continue to work to ensure that this guidance helps professionals make best use of the new powers to protect the public. Details: London: Home Office, 2014. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 22, 2014 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/332839/StatutoryGuidanceFrontline.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/332839/StatutoryGuidanceFrontline.pdf Shelf Number: 132730 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014: Reform of anti-social behaviour powers. Statutory Guidance for frontline professionals Summary: Anti-social behaviour is a broad term used to describe the day-to-day incidents of crime, nuisance and disorder that make many people's lives a misery - from litter and vandalism, to public drunkenness or aggressive dogs, to noisy or abusive neighbours. Such a wide range of behaviours means that responsibility for dealing with anti-social behaviour is shared between a number of agencies, particularly the police, councils and social landlords. Victims can feel helpless, bounced from one agency to another and then back again. In many cases, the behaviour is targeted against the most vulnerable in our society and even what is perceived as 'low level' anti-social behaviour, when targeted and persistent, can have devastating effects on a victim's life. Our reforms are designed to put victims at the heart of the response to anti-social behaviour, and give professionals the flexibility they need to deal with any given situation. This is statutory guidance issued under sections 19, 32, 41, 56, 73 and 91 of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 and replaces the draft guidance issued in October 2013. This guidance is written primarily for the police officers, council staff and social landlords who will use the new powers. Part 1 looks at the new measures being introduced to give victims a greater say in the way their reports of anti-social behaviour are dealt with. Part 2 then outlines the new powers. We have worked closely with frontline professionals, victims and others in the development of the legislation, and we will continue to work to ensure that this guidance helps professionals make best use of the new powers to protect the public. Details: London: Home Office, 2014. 68p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 20, 2014 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/352562/ASB_Guidance_v8_July2014_final__2_.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/352562/ASB_Guidance_v8_July2014_final__2_.pdf Shelf Number: 133746 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior (U.K.)Disorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisordersVandalism |
Author: Hadfield, Phil Title: Night-Time Economy Management: International Research and Practice. A Review for the City of Sydney, September 2011 Summary: Details the most effective approaches in night time economies according to the international literature. This includes areas such as public health, responding to heavy episodic drinking, public realm profiling, licensing approaches, design and service interventions and developing sustainable and service based policies. - Young adults are both core consumers of nightlife and the most likely to engage in heavy sessional drinking to an extent which places themselves and others at risk of harm. English street surveys suggest that NTE participants drink more than the national average and at levels above average for their age group. Drinking to intoxication is a major mechanism through which alcohol causes harm. In terms of NTE management, it is the large numbers of people who are brought together and provided with opportunities - and sometimes inducements - to drink to intoxication which generates the main risks of crime, incivility, injury, and ill-health. - Drinking patterns can vary between nightlife areas within the same city, as well as by region. This may include the extent of pre-loading prior to arrival. One explanation for this feature is the variability of social scenes within the NTE, which is linked to different attractions, audiences (especially by age) and substance use choices. - In the UK research literature, those visitors surveyed later in the evening had consumed more alcohol, as had those with earlier onset times for their drinking. Thus, increasing the availability of alcohol through extended licensing hours for clubs and bars appears to correlate with increasing levels of alcohol consumption and therefore drunkenness and related harms. This factor may be one issue for the City to consider in its decision-making. - Drinking at home in preparation for a night out (pre-loading) has been associated with higher levels of intoxication, and greater risk of crime and victimisation when out 'on the town', as well as greater control and duty of care burdens for licensed premises, the police, and emergency health-care services. In several research studies conducted across North West England around a half, or more, of all respondents reported having consumed alcohol prior to entering the nightlife environment (preloading; e.g. at home, a friend's house, or in a hotel room). Preloading was significantly more common among younger respondents. One policy response to pre-loading may be to introduce levers reducing the price differential between alcohol purchased in the bottle shop, bar/hotel, and nightclub sectors. - Levels of drunkenness found within local NTE social scenes have a direct influence upon criminal justice and public health outcomes. As an illustration of this: "premises that produce the most assault-related injuries are also those that produce the greatest proportion of severely intoxicated patrons, suggesting that underlying premises-specific risks may contribute to both forms of alcohol-related harm" (Moore et al., 2011: 363). This has important implications for local enforcement, prevention and research activity as, aggregated at the premises level, venues that accommodate the highest proportions of severely intoxicated customers can be identified using police data and surveyor ratings of intoxication. - In relation to poly-drug use, it is difficult to draw generalisable lessons from what remains a small literature in terms of policy relevance. This is because the range of substances being consumed and mixed by nightlife patrons is now extensive and varies considerably between social scenes at the city and regional level, as well as internationally. For example, within one city, substance choices are likely to vary between the users of bars and nightclubs, and between different music scenes, including across different events hosted within the same licensed premises. This suggests the need to improve our understanding of the subtle patterns of drug taking in order to inform policy and shape education and harm reduction strategies. Given the diversity and fragmentation of drug use trends the central message of the evidence points to the need for in-depth local level research in order to identify use patterns and associated harms for which appropriate local level responses might then be devised. - Some of the most consistent evidence in poly-drug studies surrounds cocaine use and its mixing with alcohol. This has been linked to greater levels of social and physiological harm than the use of either substance individually; including propensities to violence. This is a significant issue in some areas due to the high prevalance of cocaine use in licensed premises. - Policy responses to poly-drug use face conflicting concerns regarding effective law enforcement in relation to the possession and use of illegal substances and the need to communicate harm miminisation messages to nightlife audiences and venue operators without appearing to condone illegal activity. One reason for the relative inactivity of city authorities around the world in responding to illegal drug use in comparison to alcohol is that there has been comparatively little evidence of a link with general public disorder in nightlife, nor is there any legitimate source of supply toward which action to improve standards might be applied. This can mean that recreational drug users face a vacuum in service provision precisely because they are not seen as a threat to wider society. - Evidence suggests that enforcement activity to prevent drunkenness and sales to intoxicated individuals can be effective, especially when targeted at 'high risk' venues. As Stockwell et al., (1997:1) argue, there are important practical advantages in 'sharpening the focus' of alcohol policy away from aggregate levels of consumption towards: "(i) the ability to distinguish between low risk and harmful consumption of alcohol; (ii) the ability to predict which drinkers are most likely to experience harmful consequences of drinking; (iii) the acceptability of policy objectives to government and industry; and (iv) the acceptability of prevention strategies to the general public." Details: Leeds: www.philhadfield.co.uk / City of Sydney: 2011. 271p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2015 at: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/131740/InternationalEvidenceLiteratureReview.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/131740/InternationalEvidenceLiteratureReview.pdf Shelf Number: 134771 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: Bevan, Terry Title: Sydney Night Time Economy: Cost Benefit Analysis. A Report for the City of Sydney Council Summary: Reading any study findings about a large, well known and highly regarded international city requires that we clarify certain key aspects of the study from the outset and that those key guidelines should be retained in perspective throughout. Therefore before reading Summary Findings we have provided the introductory note below. It is integral to those findings. We emphasise that: - This is a highly detailed examination of the key economic facets of what has become known as the Night Time Economy (NTE). This definition was not established by economists but by academics that have engaged with the NTE from the perspectives of perceived social impacts. - In considering all perspectives this study examines the NTE as an economic organism. - The geographic focus is the 'local government authority' (LGA) that is administered by the City Council of Sydney, which includes the CBD or 'Manhattan of Sydney' but also highly urbanised neighbourhoods and districts such as Kings Cross, Surrey Hills and Paddington as well as the Rocks. The latter, although administered by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, is included in our core geography for reasons of logical continuity. - Geographic comparisons are made with the larger 'Statistical Sydney' or -Metropolitan Sydney according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics' definition and to New South Wales. - Unsurprisingly the authors have found some difficulties in measuring what has not been measured or collated under one heading before but as experts in issues of NTE measurement we offer this study as the most reasonable and recent picture of the Sydney NTE and how it relates to the wider economy both as a centre of focus in the LGA and across New South Wales. - Improvements in measurements can certainly, and should be, made. There is considerable scope for this and we focus on possible improvements in Section 11 of the report - Technical Recommendations. This improvement will depend upon a proactive development of a relevant research programme. - As a sense check on these findings we have carried out a number of secondary comparisons. One of the most interesting is contained in Section 7.2.3 where we briefly compare Sydney with Westminster and the City of London. The differences are interesting and proportionate but in essence the characteristics and potential of the Sydney NTE is what should concern us. - In Section 8.4 below we introduce some perspectives that flow from a careful comparison of the modes and purposes of transport usage in the LGA for the averaged five years to 2005/6 and the five years to 2009/10. We cannot simply align this movement and purpose data with the economic outputs because the movement statistics have no precise economic crossover. However they give a valid and complementary snapshot and simply on daily comparative population movement statistics alone allow us to understand that the NTE economy does not overstretch the public transport system since the overall movements from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. amount to no more than 19% of all movement in the weekend days of the latest time period. Less than 50% of these journeys are for social purposes. It is also clear from these statistics that we are right to leave retail out of current NTE economic measurement because shopping is such a tiny cited component of LGA movements after 6 p.m. Details: Newcastle upon Tyne: TBR, 2011. 103p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 9, 2015 at: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/131739/NightTimeEconomyCostBenefitAnalysisReport.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Australia URL: http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/131739/NightTimeEconomyCostBenefitAnalysisReport.pdf Shelf Number: 134773 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderCost Benefit Analysis (Sydney)Disorderly ConductEntertainment DistrictsNight Time Economy |
Author: Miller, Peter Title: Interventions for reducing alcohol supply, alcohol demand and alcohol-related harm Summary: This project synthesises existing evidence and knowledge to improve our understanding of good practice in minimising the range of harms associated with alcohol misuse, especially supply and demand reduction strategies. It builds on the literature by using a Delphi study to answer many of the existing questions for which no research literature yet exists. All interventions that aim to reduce the supply of alcohol discussed in this report have received substantial evidence for their effectiveness. Specifically, reducing alcohol outlet opening hours, increasing minimum legal purchase age, reducing alcohol outlet density and controlling alcohol sales times have each undergone a vast number of evaluations and have been found to be effective in reducing the supply of alcohol and reducing the harms associated with its consumption. The most promising supply-reduction interventions identified were reducing trading hours for packaged liquor and reductions in the types and size of liquor that can be sold, the public listing of 'violent venues&rsquo' and serving only mid-strength beverages after midnight in late night venues. Demand reduction strategies appear to be effective; however, there is a lack of research or evaluations in the area. Increasing alcohol excise and taxation has been found to be very cost-effective, as well as being effective in reducing the consumption of alcohol and often results in overall social benefit. However, research for other demand reduction strategies, such as family-based alcohol misuse prevention and developmental prevention interventions is still in its infancy. Although such interventions have received some support for their effectiveness, further research needs to be undertaken. The most effective harm reduction interventions were the Safer Bars program, targeted policing interventions (including 'consequence policing') and the introduction of plastic glassware. The most promising harm-reduction interventions identified were alcohol management plans in the Northern Territory, the introduction of mandatory security plans for venues, RSA marshals and mandatory high-visibility clothing. The study has identified a large number of interventions for the reduction of alcohol-related harm, but the majority of these have minimal evidence bases. A further concern is that the bulk of interventions have been developed to reduce alcohol-related harm and as a result, there exists few supply and demand reduction strategies. While the most effective solutions have been found to act at the societal level, there is a clear demand for more interventions that focus at community, social, family, or individual levels, even if they are not going to have the same level of impact. Details: Canberra: National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund (NDLERF), 2015. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: accessed April 8, 2015 at: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph-57.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.ndlerf.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/monographs/monograph-57.pdf Shelf Number: 135187 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, Disorder (Australia)Disorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyHarm ReductionNuisance Behaviors |
Author: Fox, Anne Title: Understanding behaviour in the Australian and New Zealand night-time economies. An anthropological study Summary: Drinking and drunkenness are nothing new. The world's oldest written recipe is for beer. Both praise and admonishment for drunkenness can be found in the world's most ancient texts. In one ancient Egyptian text, a teacher at a school for scribes chastises his young student for his night-time carousing: "I have heard that you abandoned writing and that you whirl around in pleasures, that you go from street to street and it reeks of beer. Beer makes him cease being a man. It causes your soul to wander . . . Now you stumble and fall upon your belly, being anointed with dirt." Today, despite all we now know about the science of alcohol and its effects, each generation of young people seems doomed to repeat this ancient pattern of destructive and excessive consumption. In Australia and New Zealand, there is heightened concern that, once again, young people are falling prey to a culture of drink, depravity and violence. There is no escaping the fact that recent deaths recorded in the night-time economy (NTE) in New South Wales, Australia have been horrific. The names and photographs of the victims are etched in our memories and we owe it to them and their families to investigate the underlying drivers of this violence. Yet the public debate about alcohol-related anti-social behaviour in both countries has tended to look only at what has happened and where, rather than why. There is a notable absence of significant studies of the cultural drivers of misuse and anti-social behaviour or of the backgrounds, motives or characteristics of the perpetrators of such violence. It is unlikely that we will achieve real and positive change in the drinking culture until we have a better understanding of what is driving it. Most reports treat this phenomenon as if it were driven by exclusively modern social forces: television, advertising, 'youth culture' etc., or merely by the inevitable side-effect of the ingestion of ethanol. This paper will look at the influence of these factors in Australia and New Zealand, but also at the intersection of these modern influences with very ancient but ever-present human behaviours and needs. This paper will address the key question of what drives and influences drinking patterns, anti-social misbehaviour and violence in the night-time economy (NTE), by presenting an overview of the drinking culture in both countries and an anthropological perspective on the problem areas and potential solutions. Details: Silverwater, NSW: Lion, 2015. 99p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 8, 2015 at: http://www.lionco.com/content/u12/Dr%20Anne%20Fox%20report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.lionco.com/content/u12/Dr%20Anne%20Fox%20report.pdf Shelf Number: 135189 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial BehaviorDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyMasculinitiesNight-Time Economies |
Author: Nadasdy, Michael Title: Hertfordshire Taxi Marshal Schemes: Evaluation Report Summary: Taxi ranks have always been reported, at least anecdotally, as a focus of disorder in the night time economy. Generally, the people that gather there do so in numbers, at the end of the evening after having consumed alcohol (often to excess). When combined with disagreements as people bump up against each other and jostle for places on the rank it is unsurprising that taxi ranks can be flashpoints for violence and disorder. Any scheme that aims to disperse groups quickly and peacefully away from the night time economy centre should be welcomed. It is widely recognised that a range of initiatives are required in order to tackle the complex issues surrounding consumption of alcohol in the night time economy - from high visibility police patrols to alcohol workers in A and E departments. Taxi Marshalls are considered a valuable part of this range of interventions. With this in mind, Taxi Marshalls were first introduced in Hertfordshire in October 2005. The first marshalled rank was located in St Albans. Subsequent schemes were rolled out in November of the same year (Watford and Hertford), January 2006 (Stevenage) and December 2006 (Hitchin). A further scheme was introduced at Batchwood Hall night club in St Albans in November 2009. The aim of Taxi Marshalls is to reduce incidents of disorder on and around the taxi rank by providing an 'official' presence. Taxi Marshalls are not accredited to the constabulary and have no formal powers however all are Security Industry Authority (SIA) affiliated. The Marshalls have been trained in many aspects of disorder and crowd control such as diffusing aggression and mediation techniques. Details: Hertfordshire, UK: County Community Safety Unit, 2011. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 16, 2015 at: http://www.stevenage.gov.uk/content/committees/55185/55780/56197/56200/Safer-Stronger-DS-12June2012-Item6-AppendixA.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.stevenage.gov.uk/content/committees/55185/55780/56197/56200/Safer-Stronger-DS-12June2012-Item6-AppendixA.pdf Shelf Number: 135245 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderAnti-Social Behavior (U.K.)Crime PreventionDisorderly ConductIncivilitiesNight Time EconomyNuisance BehaviorsTaxi Marshalls |
Author: Ellis, Tom Title: Body-Worn Video: Evaluation of the Introduction of Personal Issue Body Worn Video Cameras (Operation Hyperion) on the Isle of Wight: Final Report to Hampshire Constabulary Summary: This study evaluated the impact of issuing all police officers on the Isle of Wight with Body Worn Video (BWV) cameras on 1 July 2013. It is based mainly on a series of measures in the year prior to camera issue compared to the same measures in the year after issue. These measures included data on changes in: public opinion; occurrences and crime; criminal justice processes (domestic assault) and complaints against police. In addition, there was also survey of IoW officers' views on BWV cameras and observational fieldwork. Isle of Wight public opinion on police BWV cameras - The Isle of Wight (IoW) public's trust in police to record all appropriate incidents with cameras is very high - 58% were aware of cameras after personal issue which was significantly higher than 26% in the period immediately before - Only 11% of residents in the "before" period had seen a police officer using BWV cameras which significantly increased to 29% in the "after" period - There was an overwhelmingly positive (84-96%) public attitude toward police use of cameras in: - gathering evidence - identifying criminals - increasing convictions - improving training - improving disciplinary procedures - Before personal issue, IoW public was less convinced cameras would reduce: complaints against the police; assaults on police; and crime and ASB. All ratings significantly improved after the roll out of personal issue BWV cameras - There was a significant rise (to 82%) in IoW public belief that all uniformed officers should use cameras. Isle of Wight Police Officers' views on BWV camera use - Officers' views on BWV cameras, where comparable, largely coincided with those of IoW public - IoW officers had significantly lower confidence than the public in cameras reducing assaults on police, but significantly higher confidence in them reducing complaints against them - Frontline officers were significantly more positive than non-frontline (mainly investigative) officers in valuing the deployment of personal issue BWV cameras on the IoW - The vast majority of officers agreed that all PCSOs should wear BWVs when on duty. Details: Portsmouth, UK: University of Portsmouth, Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, 2015. 75p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 6, 2015 at: http://www.bwvsg.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Ellis-Evaluation-Worn-Cameras.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.bwvsg.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Ellis-Evaluation-Worn-Cameras.pdf Shelf Number: 135526 Keywords: AssaultsBody-Worn Cameras (U.K.)Complaints Against PoliceDisorderly ConductPolice TechnologyPublic OpinionSurveillanceVideo Cameras |
Author: Leung, Kit Title: That's entertainment: Trends in late-night assaults and acute alcohol illness in Sydney' Entertainment Precinct Summary: Aim: To assess the role of administrative police and health databases in monitoring trends in, and epidemiology of, alcohol-related violence and acute alcohol illness associated with the night time economy in the Sydney central business district (CBD) Entertainment Precinct, prior to the introduction of 2014 government reforms addressing alcohol-fuelled violence. Method: We examined annual trends in police-recorded incidents of grievous bodily harm, ambulance Triple Zero (000) calls for assault, and acute alcohol illness emergency department presentations that occurred between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. over a 10-year period (20042013). Trends were examined among persons of all ages and young adults (18 to 29 year olds) in the CBD. The rest of metropolitan Sydney provided a comparison area to evaluate whether trends were CBD-specific. Results: Among persons of all ages, there were 913 police-recorded incidents of grievous bodily harm, 10,427 ambulance calls for assault and 14,106 emergency department presentations for acute alcohol illness in the CBD over the 10-year period. Young adults accounted for between 62 per cent and 78 per cent of assault incidents and 58 per cent of alcohol emergency department presentations. Between 2004 and 2008, the annual number of assaults and acute alcohol illness increased two-fold. Alcohol illness emergency department presentation trends subsequently stabilised, while assaults in 2013 were at the lowest levels in 10 years. Similar trends were observed in the rest of metropolitan Sydney. Conclusion: The majority of alcohol-related assaults and emergency department presentations involved young adults. Ambulance and police administrative data sources provided a consistent picture of a recent decline in late-night assault trends. Alcohol-related emergency department presentation trends suggested other alcohol harms may be continuing at relatively high levels both in the CBD and in metropolitan Sydney. While violence appears to be declining in the CBD and across Sydney, continuing alcohol harm remains to be addressed. Details: Sydney: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2015. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, No. 185: Accessed September 14, 2015 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/CJB185_late_night_assaults.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CJB/CJB185_late_night_assaults.pdf Shelf Number: 136747 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsDisorderly ConductLate-Night Economy |
Author: Tonigan, Alexandra Toscova Title: Bernalillo County Department of Substance Abuse: Public Inebriate Intervention Program Summary: The purpose of the Bernalillo County Department of Substance Abuse Program's (DSAP) Public Inebriate Intervention Program (PIIP) in Bernalillo County, including Albuquerque, New Mexico is to relieve congestion in UNM Hospital's Emergency Department and Psychiatric Emergency Services, as well as other hospital emergency rooms in Bernalillo County (Presbyterian and Lovelace) and to reduce the number of bookings at the Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC). To do this, the Department of Substance Abuse Program (DSAP) has partnered with the Albuquerque Fire Department (AFD) and the Albuquerque Police Department (APD) to "identify inebriates in the community and offer voluntary transportation to the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Assessment Treatment Services (MATS) facility," where individuals have the opportunity to stay up to 12 hours in a stable and safe environment until they sober up (Board of County Commissioners, DSAP). In doing so, the inebriated individuals receive the appropriate treatment and care, crowding within jails and hospitals is alleviated, and a substantial amount of money can be saved. The program is located at the Bernalillo County Metropolitan Assessment Treatment Services (MATS) facility. This program houses a number of programs including detoxification services, a medical observation and treatment unit, supportive aftercare, residential services, and a hospital for adult/adolescent medical detoxification and rehabilitation. The information presented in this report originates from forms maintained by MATS on individuals who were served by PIIP in April, May and October of 2014. Details: Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, Institute for Social Research, 2015. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 18, 2015 at: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2015/bernalillo-county-department-of-substance-abuse-public-inebriate-intervention-program.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://isr.unm.edu/reports/2015/bernalillo-county-department-of-substance-abuse-public-inebriate-intervention-program.pdf Shelf Number: 136820 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcohol Treatment ProgramsAlcoholismDisorderly Conduct |
Author: Grossmith, Lynne Title: Police, Camera, Evidence: London's cluster randomised controlled trial of Body Worn Video Summary: Overall the findings suggest there are potential benefits of Body Worn Video (BWV), although those related to criminal justice outcomes were not fully realised during the timescales of the trial and need the support of criminal justice partners to be achieved. - BWV can reduce the number of allegations against officers, particularly of oppressive behaviour. Complaints related to interactions with the public also reduced and, although it did not reach statistical significance, the trend in overall complaints was consistent with these findings. - There was no overall impact of BWV on the number or type of stop and searches conducted. In addition, there were no differences in officers - self-reported behaviour relating to how they conducted stops. - No effect was found on the proportion of arrests for violent crime. When an arrest had occurred, there was a slightly lower proportion of charges by officers in a BWV team. - There was no evidence that BWV changed the way police officers dealt with victims or suspects. - The Public Attitude Survey found, in general, London residents are supportive of BWV, with their opinions of the technology positively associated with their views of how 'procedurally just' the police are, and their confidence in the MPS. - Officers reported a range of innovative uses of BWV, including professional development; use of intelligence; and sharing information with partners and the public. Details: London: College of Policing Limited and the Mayor's Office for Policing And Crime (MOPAC), 2015. 50p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 1, 2015 at: http://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Documents/Police_Camera_Evidence.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Documents/Police_Camera_Evidence.pdf Shelf Number: 137399 Keywords: Body-Worn Cameras (U.K.) Complaints Against Police Disorderly Conduct Police LegitimacyPolice Technology Public Opinion Surveillance Video Cameras |
Author: Katz, Walter W. Title: Body-Worn Cameras: Policy Recommendations and Review of LASD's Pilot Program Summary: Portable video recording technology has radically altered urban law enforcement in recent years. Unfortunately, cash-strapped police agencies have been slow to incorporate this technology fully and now face community pressure to do so rapidly. In the face of strong public concern over police use of force, the time has come to overcome technological, political, and budgetary hurdles and incorporate fixed video, car mounted video and body-worn cameras into all urban police departments. The use of these tools will enhance accountability, public confidence in police officers and public understanding of policing. This report provides information regarding the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department's pilot program to test and evaluate body-worn camera systems and makes recommendations for the Department as it implements them. Regardless of policy decisions, video evidence is shaping law enforcement and police agencies must use it to full advantage to help provide the quality policing that the public deserves. In September 2014, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (hereinafter, LASD or the Department) initiated a volunteer pilot program to test body-worn camera systems (BWCS or body-camera) under patrol conditions at four stations across Los Angeles County. A body-worn camera is a small device that records video and sound. The camera is mounted on the officer's uniform and records deputy interactions with the public and can gather video evidence at crime scenes. The chief goals of the LASD's pilot program were "to accurately address allegations of misconduct and increase the public's trust." In addition, the LASD hoped that video and audio recordings would "prove beneficial in criminal proceedings, administrative investigations, service complaints and civil liability claims." The Department's pilot program ran from September 2014 through April 2015, tested four brands and five models of body-worn camera systems and deployed 96 cameras. In order to provide guidance for the volunteer deputies regarding when to employ the body cameras and on which subjects or events, the Department developed a set of guidelines covering camera activation and deactivation, expectations of privacy, operating procedures, when Department members are allowed to view recordings and retention of footage. Over the course of the program's eight-month run, the Department obtained detailed feedback from the participants, through both electronic questionnaires and focus groups that were held at each of the four stations and attended by OIG representatives. In addition to monitoring the pilot program, the OIG reviewed body-camera policies and reports from other jurisdictions as well as policy recommendations on the subject by nationally recognized law enforcement research organizations and leading advocacy organizations. The OIG then assimilated this information with trends that emerged from the LASD pilot program participants' feedback. Details: Los Angeles: Office of Inspector General, County of Los Angeles, 2015. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 1, 2015 at: https://oig.lacounty.gov/Portals/OIG/Reports/Body-Worn%20Cameras_OIG%20Report.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://oig.lacounty.gov/Portals/OIG/Reports/Body-Worn%20Cameras_OIG%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 137412 Keywords: Body-Worn Cameras Complaints Against Police Disorderly Conduct Police LegitimacyPolice Technology Public Opinion Surveillance Video Cameras |
Author: Birds, Jonathan M. Title: Perceptions of Disorder: Results from Two Las Vegas Tourist Locations Summary: Over the past 30 years, much has been written about the negative consequences that minor disorders and quality of life offenses can have on public places. The literature documents cases where disorder contributed to the deterioration of locations such as the New York City subways, the downtown Civic Center in San Francisco, and MacArthur Park in Los Angeles (Kelling & Coles 1996; Sousa & Kelling 2010). The literature also describes the process by which disorder leads to the decline of public places. According to the 'broken windows' hypothesis (Wilson & Kelling 1982), disorder can generate fear among citizens, causing them to avoid locations where disorder is a problem. These locations, which lack informal social control mechanisms, are potentially vulnerable to more serious forms of crime. Although research provides evidence of a link between disorder and fear, how one perceives disorder is largely "in the eye of the beholder." The literature suggests that an observer's perceptions of disorder depend on the context in which it occurs (Kelling & Coles 1996). Factors such as the amount of disorder, the vulnerability of the observer, and the observer's prior knowledge of the disorderly person or place, for instance, play a role in whether one fears disorder or considers it to be problematic. Given the potential for quality of life offenses to generate fear and cause other community problems, it is important to understand perceptions of disorder in public places. The purpose of this Research in Brief is to examine citizen opinions of personal safety, disorderly activity, and police presence at two locations in Clark County: The Fremont Street Experience and the Las Vegas Strip. These are two public locations that are known for tourism and are therefore important to the region's economy. This study also considers the demographic factors that may be relevant to individual perceptions of disorder, such as age, gender, race, and residency status (i.e., Las Vegas Valley local vs. tourist). Details: Las Vegas, NV: University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Center for Crime and Justice Policy, 2015. 6p. Source: Internet Resource: Research in Brief: Accessed March 16, 2016 at: https://www.unlv.edu/sites/default/files/page_files/27/CCJP-PerceptionsOfDisorder.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.unlv.edu/sites/default/files/page_files/27/CCJP-PerceptionsOfDisorder.pdf Shelf Number: 138265 Keywords: Disorderly ConductFear of CrimePersonal SafetyPublic AttitudesPublic PlacesTourism and Crime |
Author: Physicians for Human Rights Title: Lethal in Disguise: The Health Consequences of Crowd-Control Weapons Summary: In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of popular protests in which people have taken to the streets to express grievances and claim their rights. In many cases, police and security forces have responded in ways that profoundly undermine the fundamental rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of expression, often leading to escalations in violence through unwarranted, inappropriate, or disproportionate uses of force. Law enforcement throughout the world is increasingly responding to popular protests with crowd-control weapons (CCWs). The proliferation of CCWs without adequate regulation, training, monitoring, and/or accountability, has led to the widespread and routine use or misuse of these weapons, resulting in injury, disability, and death. There is a significant gap in knowledge about the health effects of CCWs and an absence of meaningful international standards or guidelines around their use. As a result, the International Network of Civil Liberties Organizations (INCLO) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) partnered to document the health consequences of CCWs and examine their roles and limitations in protest contexts and make recommendations about their safe use. This report aims to raise awareness about the misuse and abuse of CCWs, the detrimental health effects that these weapons can have, and the impact of their use on the meaningful enjoyment of freedom of assembly and expression. We also seek to foster a global debate to develop international standards and guidelines. Ultimately, our goal is to prevent injury, disability, and death by providing information about CCWs and insisting on their safe use. The misuse of CCWs and the human rights concerns that arise from this misuse are the result of a number of factors, the most significant of which are: gaps in international standards and regulations; insufficient testing, training, and regulations; a rapidly-growing industry; and a lack of accountability. There are many flagrant examples of the misuse of CCWs, some of which are documented in case studies included in this report. In Kenya, five children and one police officer were injured in a stampede resulting from tear gas being fired directly at schoolchildren protesting the seizure of a playground. In the United States, police intervention in the Black Lives Matter protests included the indiscriminate use of tear gas, disorientation devices, acoustice devices, beanbag rounds, and rubber bullets. In Egypt, a police officer was caught on video deliberately firing pellets at protesters' upper bodies in order to maximise injury. These troubling case studies, and others, are included throughout this report to put the medical evidence into context. The report examines six kinds of CCWs used internationally: kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs), chemical irritants, water cannons, disorientation devices, acoustic weapons, and directed energy devices. The health effects of kinetic impact projectiles and chemical irritants are described in significant detail; these are the two weapon types about which there is a critical mass of data to analyse. The following systematic reviews evaluated published and grey literature released between January 1, 1990 and March 31, 2015. Details: New York: Physicians for Human Rights and INCLO, 2016. 104p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 21, 2016 at: https://ccla.org/cclanewsite/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/WEAPONREPORT_FINAL_WEB_PAGES.pdf Year: 2016 Country: International URL: https://ccla.org/cclanewsite/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/WEAPONREPORT_FINAL_WEB_PAGES.pdf Shelf Number: 138346 Keywords: Crowd ControlCrowd ManagementDisorderly ConductPolice Use of ForcePublic DisordersPublic Order ManagementRiots |
Author: Snowdon, Christopher Title: Drinking, Fast and Slow: Ten years of the Licensing Act Summary: - Introduced in 2005, the Licensing Act allowed more flexibility in pub, bar and nightclub opening times and allowed for the possibility of '24 - It was widely predicted that the relaxation of licensing laws would lead to higher rates of alcohol consumption, more binge-drinking, more violent crime and more alcohol-related attendances to Accident and Emergency departments. In the event, none of this occurred. - Per capita alcohol consumption had been rising for many years, but peaked in 2004 and has fallen by 17 per cent since the Licensing Act was introduced. This is the largest reduction in UK drinking rates since the 1930s. - Rates of 'binge-drinking' have declined amongst all age groups since 2005, with the biggest fall occurring amongst the 16-24 age group. - Violent crime declined in the first year of the new licensing regime and has fallen in most years since. Since 2004/05, the rate of violent crime has fallen by 40 per cent, public order offences have fallen by 9 per cent, homicide has fallen by 44 per cent, domestic violence has fallen by 28 per cent and the number of incidents of criminal damage has fallen by 48 per cent. There has been a rise in violent crime between 3am and 6am, but this has been offset by a larger decline at the old closing times (11pm-midnight and 2am to 3am). - The weight of evidence from Accident and Emergency departments suggests that there was either no change or a slight decline in alcohol-related admissions after the Licensing Act was introduced. Alcohol-related hospital admissions have continued to rise, albeit at a slower pace than before the Act was introduced, but there has been no rise in the rate of alcohol-related mortality. There was also a statistically significant decline in late-night traffic accidents following the enactment of the Act. - The evidence from England and Wales contradicts the 'availability theory' of alcohol, which dictates that longer opening hours lead to more drinking, more drunkenness and more alcohol-related harm. The British experience since 2005 shows that longer opening hours do not necessarily create greater demand. - There is little evidence that the Licensing Act led to the creation of a continental cafe culture, as some proponents of liberalisation had hoped, but the primary objectives of diversifying the night-time economy, allowing greater freedom of choice and improving public order have largely been met. By relaxing the licensing laws, the government allowed consumers to pursue their preferences more effectively. In practice, this resulted in relatively modest extensions in opening hours, not '24 hour drinking'. By allowing a greater degree of self-regulation, the Licensing Act benefited consumers without creating the disastrous consequences that were widely predicted. Details: London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2015. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing 15:05: Accessed May 5, 2016 at: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Briefing_1505_Drinking%20fast%20and%20slow_web.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Briefing_1505_Drinking%20fast%20and%20slow_web.pdf Shelf Number: 138950 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAnti-social BehaviorBinge DrinkingDisorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly |
Author: American Civil Liberties Union. Women's Rights Project Title: Silenced: How Nuisance Ordinances Punish Crime Victims in New York Summary: Housing security and access to effective emergency and police assistance are fundamental elements of creating safe and vibrant communities. For victims of domestic violence, housing and police access can take on even more importance, as they are often integral to escaping life-threatening violence and living free from abuse. However, municipalities across the country are increasingly enacting laws that penalize tenants and property owners based on police response or criminal activity occurring on a property. These laws - typically called nuisance ordinances, crime free ordinances, or disorderly house laws - deter crime victims from reporting crime and frequently lead to evictions or other harmful penalties for victims who do call 911 in an emergency. Details: New York: ACLU Women's Rights Project, 2015. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 26, 2016 at: https://www.aclu.org/report/silenced-how-nuisance-ordinances-punish-crime-victims-new-york Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: https://www.aclu.org/report/silenced-how-nuisance-ordinances-punish-crime-victims-new-york Shelf Number: 139861 Keywords: Disorderly ConductHousingNuisance Behaviors and DisordersNuisance OrdinancesViolence Against Women |
Author: Ramsey, Stephanie Title: Reporting rates of assaults at The Star casino by licensed premises staff Summary: Aim: To determine whether there has been any change in the rate of reporting of assaults at The Star casino by staff before and after the lockout reforms were introduced in February 2014. This paper also briefly examines the characteristics of both offenders and victims of assaults occurring at The Star casino. Method: Narrative descriptions of all 278 non-domestic assaults recorded by police as having occurred at The Star casino from January 2012 to June 2016 were extracted from the police database (COPS). Results: There was no statistically significant change in the proportion of reports of assaults emanating from staff or security at The Star casino after the introduction of the 2014 lockout reforms. Details: Sydney: New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2016. 5p. Source: Internet Resource: Bureau Brief, Issue Paper no. 121: Accessed December 8, 2016 at: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report-2016-Reporting-rates-of-assaults-at-The-Star-casino-BB121.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/BB/Report-2016-Reporting-rates-of-assaults-at-The-Star-casino-BB121.pdf Shelf Number: 140364 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Assaults Disorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly Lockout Laws |
Author: diZerega, Margaret Title: Report to the New York City Housing Authority on Applying and Lifting Permanent Exclusions for Criminal Conduct Summary: The New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) is conducting an internal review of its policies related to permanent exclusions for criminal conduct on NYCHA property. Permanent exclusion (PE) occurs when a NYCHA tenant - rather than risk eviction - enters into a stipulation that those associated with the resident who have engaged in non-desirable behavior are barred from entering the apartment. It also occurs as a result of an administrative hearing where NYCHA seeks an eviction, but the hearing officer opts to preserve the tenancy and bars the offending person from the apartment. To inform this policy review, NYCHA partnered with the Vera Institute of Justice and John Jay College of Criminal Justice. The review sought to understand how NYCHA could better balance its commitments to the safety of the community, the stability of its tenants' families, and the successful reentry of formerly incarcerated people. The following recommendations reflect an extensive review of existing policies and practices around PE, interviews with NYCHA staff, a meeting with NYCHA residents, and social science research on risk mitigation and future offending. Details: New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2017. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 6, 2017 at: https://storage.googleapis.com/vera-web-assets/downloads/Publications/report-to-the-new-york-city-housing-authority-on-applying-and-lifting-permanent-exclusions-for-criminal-conduct/legacy_downloads/nycha-lifting-permanent-exclusions-for-criminal-conduct-v3.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United States URL: https://storage.googleapis.com/vera-web-assets/downloads/Publications/report-to-the-new-york-city-housing-authority-on-applying-and-lifting-permanent-exclusions-for-criminal-conduct/legacy_downloads/nycha-lifting-permanent-ex Shelf Number: 145582 Keywords: Disorderly ConductHousingPrisoner Reentry |
Author: Butler, Nadia Title: Liverpool's Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention: Progress monitoring report Summary: In the UK it is an offence to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, intoxicated individuals and flouting these laws can result in fines being imposed on the person (e.g. bar staff) selling the alcohol, the holder of the premises license, the premises supervisor or the person who purchases alcohol on behalf of an intoxicated individual (CPS, 2005). Despite this, public awareness, bar server compliance and police enforcement of this legislation is typically low (HC Deb, 2014; Hughes & Anderson, 2008; Hughes et al., 2014). Nightlife settings across the UK are characterised by high levels of intoxication and alcohol-related harms (Bellis et al., 2011; Quigg et al., 2015). Further, research suggests that many nightlife users arrive in nightlife environments already intoxicated, having consumed a substantial amount of alcohol at home before going on a night out (i.e. preloading; Anderson et al., 2007; Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016a; Quigg et al., 2016b). Excessive alcohol consumption not only damages the public's health, but also places a large burden on police, local authorities and health services who must manage nightlife drunkenness and associated problems such as anti-social behaviour, violence and alcohol-related injuries (Anderson et al., 2007; Drummond et al., 2005). To reduce such harms an extensive range of policies and interventions have been implemented at both local and national level including high profile policing, changes to licensing laws and environmental measures to improve safety (Bellis et al., 2011; HM Government, 2012). Whilst there is some evidence to indicate that such measures can contain and manage alcohol-related harms, they do little to reduce levels of intoxication or address harmful and pervasive cultures of nightlife drunkenness (Bellis et al., 2011; Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016b). In 2013, the first UK study of bar servers' propensity to serve alcohol to drunks was undertaken in Liverpool City Centre and found that 84% of purchase attempts by pseudointoxicated actors resulted in the sale of alcohol (Hughes et al., 2014). Studies conducted elsewhere have suggested that reductions in the service of alcohol to drunks can be achieved through multi-agency interventions that incorporate community mobilisation, enforcement of the law around the service of alcohol to drunks and responsible bar server training (Andreasson et al., 2000; Lenk et al., 2006; Wallin et al., 2005). Following the presentation of these findings to local partners across Liverpool, the multi-component Say No to Drunks pilot intervention was developed and implemented. The intervention aimed to: increase awareness of the legislation preventing sales of alcohol to drunks; support bar staff compliance with the law; provide a strong deterrence to selling alcohol to drunks; and promote responsible drinking amongst nightlife users. Findings from the evaluation of this first pilot study were positive and suggested improved public awareness of the legislation on sales of alcohol to drunks and increased bar server confidence in refusing such sales. While wider impacts were not observed, it represented the first step in a continued body of work to address sales of alcohol to drunks and creating safer nightlife environments in Liverpool (Quigg et al., 2015; Quigg et al., 2016b). Thus, in 2015 the intervention was further refined and rebranded as Drink Less Enjoy More (DLEM) and was subsequently implemented as a second phase. Phase two built on key elements of the pilot intervention and was comprised f: a social marketing and public awareness campaign; bar staff training; and police enforcement. Further, it covered a wider geographical area and also targeted nightlife users prior to entering the night-time economy. Findings from the evaluation of DLEM were positive, crucially showing that the service of alcohol to pseudo-intoxicated actors had reduced substantially from 84% in 2013 to 26% in 2015 (Hughes et al., 2014; Quigg et al., 2016b). The evaluation suggested that learning from the pilot phase and subsequent amendments to the intervention, and a greater commitment to implementing all aspects of the intervention, served to strengthen the intervention's impact (Quigg et al., 2016b). Although wider impacts on addressing the culture of drunkenness in Liverpool's nightlife were not observed, local partners recognise that the intervention is a crucial step in preventing the sales of alcohol to intoxicated patrons in Liverpool. Subsequently, the DLEM intervention continues to be a key work stream to prevent alcohol-related harms in the city's nightlife during peak periods (e.g. UEFA European Championship; Student Fresher's week; Halloween). As part of an ongoing monitoring and development process of DLEM, the Public Health Institute (PHI), Liverpool John Moores University was commissioned to implement a research study to monitor progress of key elements of the intervention. Specifically the study aimed to: - Explore bar server awareness of legislation around the sale of alcohol to drunks; perceptions of the intervention; and their propensity to serve alcohol to drunks (i.e. pseudo-intoxicated actors); and, - Assess nightlife user: knowledge of the laws around the sale of alcohol to, and purchasing of alcohol for intoxicated individuals; perceptions and attitudes relating to drunkenness in nightlife; patterns of alcohol consumption and use of the night-time economy; and awareness and perceptions of the intervention. Details: Liverpool: Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 7, 2017 at: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Liverpools-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-progress-monitoring-report-FINAL.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Liverpools-Drink-Less-Enjoy-More-intervention-progress-monitoring-report-FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 147609 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderAlcoholismDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyNight-Time Economy |
Author: Donkin, Susan Title: Victims and Offenders of Night-time Economy Violence Summary: Recent increases in recorded levels of violent crime are a cause for concern, particularly since violence associated with the night-time economy (NTE) has attracted a great deal of negative media attention. The aim of this study is to provide insight, using the West Midlands as an example geography, into the underlying dynamics of violence within the night-time economy. By identifying characteristics of the clientele involved in violent offences, we endeavour to increase the efficiency of any strategies aimed at providing crime reduction in a NTE setting. Recorded violent crime data occurring at a licensed premise (LPVOs) in the West Midlands between October 2004 and September 2006 form the basis for the analysis described. Data relating to all known victims and offenders of these incidents were retrieved. Socio-demographic data for all victim and offender groups were compared and contrasted and a breakdown of the extent of both repeat victimization and offending established. Individuals who were the victim of or committed three or more violent offences at licensed premises were denominated as "recurrent" victims and offenders respectively. The criminal history of recurrent offenders was analysed and compared to that of both victim and offender groups, thus providing further detail regarding those who offend most and those who are victimised most. Details: London: UCL Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, 2007. 53p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 7, 2017 at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Susan_Donkin/publication/241607010_Victims_and_Offenders_of_Night-time_Economy_Violence/links/5779dd2b08ae4645d611f3dd/Victims-and-Offenders-of-Night-time-Economy-Violence.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Susan_Donkin/publication/241607010_Victims_and_Offenders_of_Night-time_Economy_Violence/links/5779dd2b08ae4645d611f3dd/Victims-and-Offenders-of-Night-time-Economy-Violence.pdf Shelf Number: 110574 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductNight-time EconomyRepeat Victimization |
Author: Huddleston, Matthew R. Title: Taxi drivers and the night time economy: an exploratory study on their experiences Summary: Taxi drivers perform a significant role in the transport infrastructure of towns and cities around the world. They have become a vital subsidiary industry to the night time business of bars and clubs within central city areas, a term now collectively referred to as the night time economy. However, while catering to these transport needs, overseas evidence suggests that they are at great risk of falling victim to criminal acts such as assault, robbery, and even murder. There is a need then to establish whether these findings are relevant in a New Zealand context and establish how the risk of victimisation interacted with taxi drivers' involvement in the night time economy. This research was conducted using grounded theory methodology with taxi drivers interviewed from Auckland Co-operative Taxis. A total of nine drivers were interviewed in this study. Findings indicated that taxi drivers face a number of issues as a result of their occupation. It was found that the problems drivers face occur across day and night and are only further exacerbated by working within the night time economy. Economic insecurity was a primary motivator for continued involvement within this arena and affected drivers' decisions to accept risky fares. The introduction of a working wage was identified as a potential solution to this problem, freeing drivers to make rational decisions without regard to financial necessity. Future research should investigate the experiences of drivers that operate for the smaller companies as it was put forward that they have more relaxed operating standards than those observed with Auckland Co-operative Taxis. Details: Auckland: Auckland University of Technology, 2014. 114p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed December 8, 2017 at: http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/8387 Year: 2014 Country: New Zealand URL: http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/8387 Shelf Number: 148770 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductNight-Time EconomyTaxi DriversWorkplace Crime |
Author: Pate, Matthew Title: Chronic Public Inebriation Summary: This guide begins by describing the problem of chronic public inebriation and reviewing factors that increase its risks. It then identifies a series of questions to help you analyze your local chronic public inebriation problem. Finally, it reviews responses to the problem and what is known about these from evaluative research and police practice. What This Guide Does and Does Not Cover - The problem of chronic public inebriation takes many forms and has numerous negative social consequences. While chronic inebriation occurs in many different settings, such as the home, workplace, and bars, this guide focuses on chronic inebriation in outdoor public spaces, with a particular emphasis on chronic inebriation among those who spend a good portion of their daily lives on the street. As used in this guide, "chronic inebriation," "chronic inebriate," or "alcoholic" refer to individuals whose lives are dominated by the use or abuse of alcoholic beverages such that they have substantially withdrawn from conventional society. Multiple sources confirm the frequently conjoined issues of mental illness, homelessness, alcoholism and other substance abuse. See Bahr (1973), Finn (1985), Finn and Sullivan (1987), Snow and Anderson (1993), and Wiseman (1979). According to the World Health Organization, a person is alcohol dependent if he or she has three or more of the following six manifestations, occurring together for at least one month or repeatedly within one year: compulsion to drink, lack of control, withdrawal state, tolerance, salience, and persistent use (WHO 1992). The city of San Diego, California, employs a simple measure to classify an individual as a "chronic inebriate." Their criterion is whether the individual in question has been admitted five or more times to the city's sobering center within a 30-day period. Chronic public inebriation is but one aspect of the larger set of problems related to alcohol abuse and street disorder. This guide is limited to addressing the particular harms created by chronic public inebriation. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2012. 61p. Source: Internet Resource: Problem-Specific Guides Series Problem-Oriented Guides for Police: Guide No. 68: Accessed January 29, 2018 at: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-p250-pub.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-p250-pub.pdf Shelf Number: 130309 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Disorderly ConductDrunk and Disorderly Drunkenness Public Disorder |
Author: Guerette, Rob T. Title: Disorder at Day Laborer Sites Summary: Disorder at day laborer sites is but one aspect of the larger set of problems related to both public disorder and to illegal immigration. The literature on day laborers provides a general picture of the market for them, the conditions of day-labor work, the laborers themselves, their employers, the places where they assemble, and the link between day laborers and human smuggling. This guide will help law enforcement understand the factors that contribute to their local problem in order to frame analysis questions, identify valid effectiveness measures, determine important intervention points, and select an appropriate set of responses for their specific problem. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, Center for Problem-Oriented Policing, 2007. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 44: Accessed January 31, 2018 at: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-p122-pub.pdf Year: 2007 Country: United States URL: https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-p122-pub.pdf Shelf Number: 106293 Keywords: Day Laborers Disorderly ConductHuman Smuggling Illegal Immigration Immigrants Public Disorder |
Author: London Assembly. Police and Crime Committee Title: Policing the Night-Time Economy Summary: The Night-Time Economy (NTE) is a crucial part of London's offer to both residents and visitors. Pubs and clubs, cinemas and theatres, and cafes and restaurants operating in the NTE all provide entertainment, jobs, and growth for the capital. In addition it contributes to the creation of new social networks, and plays an important part in city life and the vibrant cultural offer of London. The Mayor is committed to growing the NTE, and recently proposed the creation of a "Night Mayor" for London to ensure that nighttime activity can thrive. 1 The introduction of 24-hour alcohol licensing over a decade ago changed the way the NTE operates. This helped to diversify the NTE and gave individuals more choice. It also began to bring London's NTE into line with its European counterparts. This evolution, coupled with future changes like the introduction of the Night Tube, means London is very nearly a 24-hour city. But as the 24-hour city becomes a reality, what are the consequences for policing? The Night-Time Economy, crime, and alcohol Based on the available data, there does appear to be a correlation between the NTE, crime and alcohol. Alcohol features in a higher proportion of crimes in London that occur at night than during the day. Many of these are concentrated in areas with a strong NTE. There also appears to be a link between alcohol and violent crimes. In 2013- 14 in London, there were significantly more arrests for violence against the person offences that were linked to alcohol, than for other offences. The areas with the most violence with injury (VWI) offences committed at night tend to be those with a strong NTE.2 Assessments of the link between alcohol and crime, however, rely on subjective data. This has led some to criticise the statistics used to determine levels of 'alcohol-related' crime as unreliable and inconsistent. One of the reasons for this reliance on subjective data, and for inconsistency, is because there is no agreed definition of 'alcohol-related' or 'alcohol-fuelled' crime. This may be addressed in the near future, as the Home Office is exploring whether a definition of alcohol-fuelled violence, and a national 'flag' to be used in crime recording, should be introduced. MOPAC should lobby the Home Office for the introduction of a national definition of 'alcohol-related' crime. Details: London: The Assembly, 2015. 31p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2018 at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/policing_the_night-time_economy.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/policing_the_night-time_economy.pdf Shelf Number: 149015 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderAssaultsDisorderly ConductLicensed PremisesNight-Time Economy |
Author: Barham, Derek Emilio Title: Same Destination, Different Journey: A Comparative Study of Public Order Policing in Britain and Spain Summary: Public order policing is about power and control. The preservation and maintenance of order is a defining characteristic of the sovereign power. It is a highly political activity which is also emotive, controversial and reflects national culture and identity. Public order policing asks serious questions of the police and represents the most contentious policing activity in modern democratic states. The purpose of this study is to increase and improve current knowledge of public order policing by comparing the policing of disorder in Britain and Spain. It reviews two high profile incidents, the 2011 London Riots and the 2014 "22M" Protests in Madrid, using a fusion of Waddington's "Flashpoints Model" and Herbert's "Normative Orders" to comparatively analyse the incidents. The study is supported by a comprehensive literature review and interviews with experienced police public order commanders. This thesis concludes that British public order policing is in need of considerable reform to improve operational effectiveness, efficiency and professionalism. It identifies several key themes which contributed to the inability of the Metropolitan Police to respond effectively to the serious disorder and criminality which proliferated across 22 of London's 32 boroughs in August 2011. These include the need to review British public order tactics, invest in the training of specialist public order units and improve the understanding of crowd psychology. Practical recommendations are suggested which would refine, enhance and improve the ability of the British public order policing model to respond to the challenges of serious disorder in the twenty first century. Details: London: London Metropolitan University, 2016. 316p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed April 20, 2018 at: http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1016/1/BarhamDerek_ComparativeStudyOfPublicOrderPolicingInBritainAndSpain.pdf Year: 2016 Country: Europe URL: http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1016/1/BarhamDerek_ComparativeStudyOfPublicOrderPolicingInBritainAndSpain.pdf Shelf Number: 149871 Keywords: DemonstrationsDisorderly ConductPolicingProtest MovementsPublic Order Policing |
Author: Davidson, Neil Title: Space, place and policing in Scotland's night-time economy Summary: There is a growing political discourse in Scotland acknowledging alcohol to be a significant contributor to crime. A significant portion of this is directly related to the evening and night-time drinking based leisure industry i.e. the night-time economy (NTE). The NTE is often characterised by violent and disorderly behaviour concentrated in and around pubs and nightclubs ('hotspots') on weekend nights presenting considerable public health, criminal justice and urban management issues. Recently the political rhetoric has been backed up by new legislation in an attempt to counterbalance what was previously a market-driven economy. There now exists various crime reduction partnerships and situational crime prevention technologies to restrict and control certain behaviours and the presence and movements of persons and groups. This research project has specifically focused on the role of police in this rapidly changing regulatory NTE context. Combining data gathered from participant observation sessions with front-line police and in-depth interviews with multiple NTE stakeholders in a multi-site comparison study across Scotland, this research project provides a robust evidential base from which to analyses and interpret policing of the NTE at the national and local scales using various conceptual frameworks of contemporary policing in western societies. What my findings have shown is that front-line officers have adapted their police work in order to suit the specific context within which they are operating. I have termed this specific variation on traditional understandings of 'cop culture' as being the 'street craft of policing the NTE'. Furthermore, while this street craft was evident across all three case study areas, the extremely tangled and convoluted nature of local security provision at the local scale necessitates that front-line officers adapt this street craft to meet the local specificities of their respective NTEs. Details: Dundee, UK: University of Dundee, 2011. 338p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/space-place-and-policing-in-scotlands-night-time-economy Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/space-place-and-policing-in-scotlands-night-time-economy Shelf Number: 150344 Keywords: Alcohol Law EnforcementAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderCrime and PlaceCrime HotspotsDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyNight-time Economy |
Author: Wooff, Andrew Title: Space, Place and the Policing of Anti-social Behaviour in Rural Scotland Summary: Anti-social behaviour (herein ASB) has become important socially, politically and culturally in the United Kingdom over the past fifteen years. Successive Governments have prioritised tackling ASB, with a plethora of legislation being introduced to tackle low-level nuisance behaviour. The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) shaped much of the policy in relation to ASB, with the flagship policy of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) being introduced alongside other punitive measures. Alongside the dramatic increase in policy aimed at criminalising nuisance behaviour, a large literature has emerged spanning the social sciences, allied health sciences and criminology fields. Despite a large number of studies examining ASB, none has thus far explored ASB in rural locations. Given that Scotland is a predominantly rural country, it is important that a concept that has driven a large part of the criminal justice agenda is conceptualised in rural locations. Despite the Social Attitudes Survey highlighting the fact that rural areas statistically suffer from less ASB, there is a commonly held (mis)conception that this means that the impact of ASB on rural areas is also less (Ormston & Anderson, 2009). There is also an assumption in the existing literature that because there is statistically less ASB in rural areas, that ASB is less serious than that which exists in urban locations. In addition to a general lack of theorisation of ASB in rural Scotland, the challenges of responding to ASB over a large geographic area adds an interesting and important spatial dimension to the way that ASB is tackled. The core argument in this thesis, therefore, is that the distinctive characteristics of rural environments are central to understanding the nature, meaning and impact of ASB in this environment. This thesis therefore begins to redress the lack of work on ASB in rural locations by conceptualising and analysing the nature and impact of, and responses to, ASB in two case study locations in rural Scotland. Garland's theorisation of the new culture of crime control which emerged in the late 90s provides a helpful urban focused framework to examine debates around rural ASB (Garland, 1996). Drawing on the existing urban-based ASB literature, the thesis begins by critically examining whether ASB that occurs in rural locations is distinct from that witnessed in urban environments. This thesis argues that, although there are distinct aspects to the ASB present in the rural Scottish case studies, the ASB experienced typically mirrors that experienced in urban locations rather than reflecting a distinct form of rural ASB. Nevertheless, the rural context fundamentally shapes the impact that ASB has on rural communities. The thesis draws on criminological and rural literatures to argue that a more sophisticated approach, where scale, harm and context are central components of the way that the impact of ASB on rural communities is understood, needs to be developed. The limited rural literature examining crime often neglects the everyday, lived reality of the impact of ASB and crime on remote populations, instead tending to focus on the structural challenges associated with tackling ASB. Exploring the impact of ASB at this micro-scale illuminates interesting differences between the urban conceptualisations of ASB and those found in the rural. Progressing up to the meso-scale is important for understanding ways that the police and other actors respond to ASB in rural locations. The challenges associated with the scale of rural locations is apparent through the response of the police and other agencies to ASB. This thesis argues that, in contrast to the way that ASB is conceptualised in rural locations, there is a distinct rural policing response to ASB with a distinct interaction between agencies, the community and the police which is enabled by the scale at which each operates. ASB in rural locations therefore tends to be tackled in a more holistic manner, in which the circumstances of the individuals involved tend to be considered before the appropriate interventions are made. Context and scale therefore play a key role in understanding the response of various actors to ASB. Combining these three conceptual inputs, this study engages with an area of ASB which has hitherto received scant attention. In contrast to much of the existing urban ASB literature, which treats the context as a passive entity, this thesis argues that 'the rural' is a key contextual part of understanding the nature and impact of, and responses to, ASB. Far from being a peripheral part of the ASB literature, the rural environment therefore should be considered of key importance for understanding ASB in other contexts. Details: Dundee: University of Dundee, 2014. 333p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed May 23, 2018 at: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/6186556/andrew_wooff_space_place_and_the_policing_of_ASB_in_rural_Scotland.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/6186556/andrew_wooff_space_place_and_the_policing_of_ASB_in_rural_Scotland.pdf Shelf Number: 150345 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly ConductNuisance Behaviors and DisordersRural Areas |
Author: London Assembly. Economy Committee Title: Rewrite the night: the future of London's night-time economy Summary: London's night-time economy (NTE) is evolving. Bars, clubs and pubs have long been at the centre of night-time activity. But over the past decade, the capital's NTE has developed. The sheer volume and variety of entertainment and activities are a strong draw for residents, workers and over 31 million visitors to the capital each year. The launch of Night Tube services in summer 2016, followed by a night service on the London Overground network last December, has made it easier for people to travel around the capital at night. This, plus the introduction of 24-hour alcohol licensing, has earned London the right to be considered a 24-hour city, and brought the NTE in line with its European counterparts. However, the NTE could be further developed in terms of job creation, the range of cultural activity and the numbers and diversity of people enjoying nights out in the capital. London's NTE extends far beyond entertainment and leisure activities, and includes the many everyday jobs undertaken by cleaners, drivers, security and health personnel, for example, which are vital to its continued success. Developing the NTE will require a longer-term strategic outlook shaped by the Mayor, working with many partners. People who work in the NTE, use it, live around it, run the businesses operating during the night, and are involved in planning future development and managing the impacts, must be listened to. Looking after the welfare of night-time workers will be paramount. Their employment rights and workplace benefits will need to match those of workers in the day-time economy. At the very least they deserve the right to fair pay, a safe working environment, and access to safe transport options to and from work. The wellbeing of individuals on a night out should also be prioritised, driven by a broader national campaign to inspire more responsible alcohol consumption and to provide the support both they and pub and bar workers need. Residents should be properly included in discussions, locally and at a panLondon level, about planning the NTE as it develops, and how best to manage and respond to any impacts before they become problems. At times, these discussions will need to happen across borough boundaries and through well-established networks where the views of businesses, grassroots music venues, arts practitioners, residents, the police and local authority officers can be heard. These networks will help facilitate the more coordinated approach to regulating, licensing and public safety needed in the NTE across London. London's NTE must continue to diversify as it develops. It will mean being creative about content, welcoming of different genres of music, and appealing to more Londoners. Many varied and innovative things are happening in outer London boroughs. They too will need to be central to the Mayor's vision for the NTE. This will require an inclusive approach to marketing and promotion along with improvements to transport links in outer London boroughs at night. One simple measure would be to ensure that outer London events are featured and promoted in major listing publications across the capital, by London and Partners and on social media. The Mayor is rightly committed to turning London into a 24-hour city and this will need to be overseen at a London-wide level. This could usefully be delivered by permanently establishing roles for an individual, such as the Night Czar to promote and champion the NTE, and a policy-focused body, such as the Night Time Commission. The Mayor must build on his night vision document published in July 2017, and clarify how his plans for a more diverse NTE will be implemented, what the key milestones will be, and how he intends to measure the impact and progress of his work. A more diverse London NTE is to be welcomed, but it must be open to all Londoners - affordable, accessible, inclusive - and be a safe environment to enjoy a night out, and work in. Details: London: The Assembly, 2018. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 24, 2018 at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/rewrite_the_night_final.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/rewrite_the_night_final.pdf Shelf Number: 150352 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, Disorder Assaults Disorderly Conduct Licensed PremisesNight-Time EconomyPublic Safety |
Author: Rogan, Adam Title: Risky masculinities: young men, risky drinking, public violence, and hegemonic masculinity Summary: Young men's engagement in risky drinking and public violence is now recognised as a significant public health issue for communities and societies throughout the world. These two practices often lead to a range of serious negative outcomes not only for the participants themselves, but also other individuals and wider society. Drawing on a series of focus groups and in-depth interviews conducted with young Australian men, this research examines the ways in which young men's engagement in risky drinking and public violence can be understood as a display of hegemonic masculinity. The concept of hegemonic masculinity suggests that there exists a legitimate form of masculinity within a given social and historical context that is positioned as dominant over all women, and all other forms of lesser masculinity. The aim of this research is to explore young men's understandings of risky drinking and public violence and how these practices may be drawn on to construct and perform legitimate and empowered masculine identities. Through their engagement in risky drinking and public violence, young men are able to enact culturally legitimate masculinities and distance themselves from subordinate and marginalised masculinities. The engagement of young men in these practices also sustains and reproduces gendered power inequalities that see men positioned as dominant over women, and some men positioned as dominant over others. This critical examination of the relationship between risky drinking, public violence, and hegemonic masculinity illuminates the importance of acknowledging the gendered nature of risk and risky practice, and the ways in which young men's engagement in risky practice is informed by dominant ideologies of masculinity. Details: Wollongong: University of Wollongong, 2015. 346p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed June 1, 2018 at: http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5694&context=theses Year: 2015 Country: Australia URL: http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5694&context=theses Shelf Number: 150429 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderDisorderly ConductMasculinityPublic Disorder |
Author: Taylor, Jirka Title: Violent and Antisocial Behaviour at Football Events: Review of interventions Summary: Disorder and violence at football matches are well-recognised issues that have attracted considerable attention in the media as well as among policymakers and practitioners. In an effort to prevent and respond to the phenomenon, numerous strategies and interventions have been implemented by relevant stakeholder groups, including police and other security professionals, football clubs and associations, fan organisations and local and national governments. However, despite the wide range of tools available, there are gaps in the understanding of the current state of practice and its effectiveness. This rapid evidence review responded to these gaps through a focused, structured literature search and aimed to provide a critical assessment of previous research into these issues. The review observed a multitude of strategies that can be and have been implemented to counter antisocial behaviour at football matches. They can broadly be grouped into four categories: 1) organisation of the venue (e.g. equipping stadiums with cameras, seating-only arrangements), 2) organisation of the events (e.g. arranging transport for away fans; setting up early kick-off times); 3) approaches to policing (e.g. dialogue-based policing, police liaison teams); and 4) laws, policies and partnerships (e.g. higher penalties for hooliganism, cooperation with fan associations). With respect to the effectiveness of these interventions, the review found that the existing evidence base (at least as captured by the parameters of the review) is underdeveloped. The review found evidence pertaining only to a subset of interventions. Of the studies offering an effectiveness assessment, the majority faced notable methodological limitations. Key Findings There is positive evidence for the effectiveness of utilising security cameras and mandatory transport arrangements for visiting fans, early kick-off times and policing approaches aimed at establishing dialogue and lines of communication with fans in reducing disorder. Interventions that do not appear to be effective include fan registration schemes as a precondition for a ticket purchase and alcohol bans within stadiums, city-wide alcohol bans and bans on alcohol consumption while in transit to the stadium. Details: Cambridge, UK: RAND Europe, 2018. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 27, 2018 at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2532.html Year: 2018 Country: Europe URL: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2532.html Shelf Number: 150950 Keywords: Alcohol-Related Crime, DisorderAntisocial Behavior Camera SurveillanceDisorderly ConductFootball Hooliganism Soccer Sporting Events Sports Violence VandalismViolence Prevention |
Author: Quigg, Zara Title: Evaluation of the Cheshire and Merseyside Drink Less Enjoy More Intervention Summary: DLEM is a community-based intervention designed to prevent alcohol-related harms in nightlife settings through preventing sales of alcohol to intoxicated nightlife patrons in on-licensed premises (illegal in the UK); and discouraging, and reducing the acceptability of excessive drunkenness amongst nightlife patrons. DLEM is modelled on the evidence-based STAD programme, and involves the collective and coordinated implementation of three core components: community mobilisation, responsible bar staff training and strengthened police engagement. Nightlife settings can have major benefits for individuals' well-being, and for communities' economic prosperity. However, studies consistently suggest that UK nightlife settings are often characterised by high levels of drunkenness and associated harms (e.g. injury, violence. Across England and Wales, in 2015/16, 67% of all violent incidents occurring at the weekend were alcohol-related; a quarter of all violent incidents occurred around a pub or club and 91% of these were alcohol-related. Further, preloading (drinking at home prior to entering the night-time economy [NTE]), is a common drinking behaviour that has been associated with excessive alcohol consumption during a night out and experience of violence. Alcohol-related harms in nightlife have an impact on both individuals and wider communities, and efforts to prevent or minimise harms places heavy demands on public services. A study of attendances at Arrowe Park Accident and Emergency department (Wirral Local Authority) found that 47% of patients presenting with violent injury reported having consumed alcohol, while the majority (64%) attended the department at night and at weekends. Interventions targeting drunkenness in nightlife therefore have the potential to reduce harms to the drinker and to others affected by drunkenness, including surrounding communities and public services. Whilst the evidence base is limited, research suggests that multi-component community action programmes can be effective in reducing alcohol-related harms in nightlife settings. One of the most successful of these approaches is the STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems) programme. STAD combines responsible bar server (RBS) training with multi-agency planning, community mobilisation and strengthened law enforcement. Evaluation of STAD has shown significant reductions in the sale of alcohol to pseudo-intoxicated patrons and related harms in nightlife settings. Positive impacts were also observed across communities surrounding the nightlife setting (e.g. crime reduction). Further, through reductions in violent crime, estimates suggest that STAD saved L39 for every L1 invested [15]. In England and Wales, it is mandatory for statutory partners to collaborate locally to address crime and disorder. Through these partnerships, a broad range of strategies have been implemented to promote safer nightlife settings. Further, tackling drunkenness and sales to drunk individuals is increasingly being prioritised. In England and Wales it is illegal (Licensing Act 2003) to knowingly sell alcohol to, or purchase alcohol for, a person who is drunk. However, public awareness of the legislation is often lacking, there are few prosecutions for breaching the legislation, and bar staff do not always adhere to it. Ensuring the legislation is adhered to is essential; providing alcohol to already intoxicated people supports cultures of excessive nightlife alcohol intoxication. Details: Liverpool: Faculty of Education, Health and Community, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 26, 2019 at: http://www.champspublichealth.com/sites/default/files/media_library/Cheshire%20and%20Merseyside%20DLEM%20evaluation%20report%20Oct%202018%20final.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.champspublichealth.com/sites/default/files/media_library/Cheshire%20and%20Merseyside%20DLEM%20evaluation%20report%20Oct%202018%20final.pdf Shelf Number: 155171 Keywords: Alcohol InterventionsAlcohol-Related ViolenceAntisocial BehaviorDisorderly ConductDrunk and DisorderlyDrunkennessIntoxicated PatronsNight-Time Economy |
Author: Gewirtz, Marian Title: Conviction for Disorderly Conduct Summary: In New York City, about 1 in 5 prosecuted cases and 1 in 3 convicted cases end in conviction for disorderly conduct. CJA's latest publication, "Disorderly Conduct-New York City's Catchall Disposition," explores the causes and consequences of this disposition practice. Here are some of the key findings: Disorderly conduct is used as a catchall disposition for cases arraigned on a variety of offense charge types and severities. A defendant's prior contact with the criminal justice system is strongly associated with disorderly conduct convictions. More than 1 in 4 defendants convicted of disorderly conduct received a sentence of imprisonment. Details: New York: New York City Criminal Justice Agency, 2019. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 29, 2019 at: https://issuu.com/csdesignworks/docs/cja_discon_61b00a47726963?e=2550004/67174025 Year: 2019 Country: United States URL: https://issuu.com/csdesignworks/docs/cja_discon_61b00a47726963?e=2550004/67174025 Shelf Number: 155228 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorDisorderly Conduct |
Author: University of Gloucestershire Title: Gloucester City Safe in 2018: Research conducted by students.... Summary: Executive Summary -- This report presents the findings from an examination of the Business Crime Reduction Partnership (BCRP) 'Gloucester City Safe' conducted by students from the University of Gloucestershire in October 2018. Gloucester City Safe was designed to tackle crime, disorder and anti-social behaviour in Gloucester, Stroud and the surrounding areas. Its 150+ business members work in partnership with the Police, Local Authorities and other stakeholders to tackle issues such as shoplifting, theft, alcohol related disorder, street drinking and begging through the application of a two-tiered sanction-based exclusion system. Since 2014, the University of Gloucestershire has worked with Gloucester City Safe (hereafter 'the Scheme') on collaborative research projects designed to consider the Scheme's operation and effectiveness and to generate insight in to public views on crime and safety. In October 2018, student researchers conducted public surveys in Gloucester City Centre (gaining 662 responses) and interviewed some of the Scheme's members (26 members interviewed). This report presents the findings from this activity, and can be used by the Scheme's management and the police to enhance understanding of crime and disorder in Gloucester and its surrounding areas and to help inform efforts to tackle these issues. The main findings from the report are summarised here. Public perceptions of crime, safety, policing and the Scheme -- A majority (36%) of the sample stated that 'shoplifting and theft' was the biggest problem in Gloucester, and that 'drugs' was the biggest cause of crime in Gloucester (selected by 24%). Feelings of safety were high among the sample, with 72% describing their perceived level of safety in Gloucester city centre as between six and 10 out of 10 (with 10 indicating feeling completely safe). Respondents were asked to provide their view on the effectiveness of police efforts to tackle crime in Gloucester city centre, with 60% of respondents stating that the police were 'very effective' or 'effective' in this regard. Just under half of the sample (47%, 314/662) had heard of the Scheme, and 76% (237/312) of this sub-sample stated that the Scheme was 'very effective' or 'effective' at tackling crime in Gloucester city centre. Those that had heard of the Scheme were asked whether knowing that it is in operation makes them feel safer in Gloucester city centre; 80% (250/314) responded 'Yes'. Member feedback on the Scheme -- Members were highly positive about the effectiveness of the Scheme, and about the communications and information sharing procedures employed by the Scheme. Members reported feeling safer in their place of work because of presence of the City Protection Officers (CPOs) and due to increased awareness concerning risks arising from effective information sharing among members. Some members stated that the Scheme is an effective deterrent for offenders and that its activity has eased the burden on the police. Members were positive about the incident reporting process, about the ease with which they could communicate information to the Scheme, and about the assistance that they receive from the Scheme manager and the CPOs with the reporting process. The DISC web platform and mobile application was described by members as very useful and user-friendly. The recent revisions to the offender gallery organisation was reported to have improved usability, and the speed with which incidents are uploaded and made viewable by the Scheme's manager was greatly appreciated and noted as highly useful. Members noted that most offenders are deterred by the receipt of a yellow card and the threat of a City Safe ban. However, many of the members noted a serious problem with a minority of offenders that ignore the sanctions and continue offending. For these repeat offenders, members noted that the card system is not effective. There were members who expressed a need for more severe consequences for repeat offenders, for increased police enforcement of exclusions and for increased use of Criminal Behaviour Orders (CBOs) for this group. Members were highly positive concerning the work of the City Protection Officer (CPOs), stating that they had made a significant difference since their introduction. There were many examples provided of incidents where the CPOs had helped tackle or prevent an issue or diffused a situation, and members spoke positively about the personal relationships they had developed with the CPOs. Some members also noted that more CPOs, and CPO shift patterns that meant they were present in the city centre for longer periods of the day, would be beneficial. Details: Cheltenham, UK: Author, 2019. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 14, 2019 at: http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/6553/7/Gloucester%20City%20Safe%20in%202018.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/6553/7/Gloucester%20City%20Safe%20in%202018.pdf Shelf Number: 155820 Keywords: Antisocial Behavior Business Crime PreventionCities and CrimeCommunities and Crime Crimes Against BusinessesDesign Against CrimeDisorderly Conduct Public SafetyShoplifting Theft |